Perl 6
Perl Table Index: Revision 98
"Overview"[Perl Tablets] - Chapter "0:Intr"[Perl Table Intro], "1:Hist"[Perl History Table], "2:Design"[Perl Language Design Table], "3:Var"[Perl Variables Table], "4:Op"[Perl Operators Table], 5:IO, 6:{}, 7:Sub, 8:OOP, 9:Rx - Appendix *"A:Index"[Perl Table Index]*, "B:Tables"[Perl Lookup Table], "C:Best of"[Best Of Perl Table], "D:Delta"[Perl Delta Table], "E:Links"[Perl Links Table]
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{link: A} | {link: B} | {link: C} | {link: D} | {link: E} | {link: F} | {link: G} | {link: H} | {link: I} | {link: J} | {link: K} | {link: L} | {link: M} | {link: N} | {link: O} | {link: P} | {link: Q} | {link: R} | {link: S} | {link: T} | {link: U} | {link: V} | {link: W} | {link: X} | {link: Y} | {link: Z}
This Index contains short explanations for all Operators, Methods, Builtins and some technical Terms.
* *!* - logical negation, forces binary context;
* *!* - secondary sigil (twigil) on private class adn object variables
* *!!* - second Part of the ternary (conditional) operator after ??
* *!!!* - yadda Operator
* *!<* - not less, synonym for ">="
* *!<=* - not less or equal, weird synonym for ">"
* *!=* - compare op, true if numeric unequal, short for "!=="
* *!=:=* - compare op, tests negated on binding
* *!==* - compare op, tests inequality in numeric context, negated form
* *!===* - compare op, tests identity, negated form
* *!>* - synonym for "<="
* *!>=* - synonym for "<"
* *!~~* - negated smartmatch operator
* *!eq* - synonym for "ne"
* *!eqv* - negated form of dynamic equivalence
* *!ge* - synonym for "lt"
* *!gt* - synonym for "le"
* *!le* - synonym for "gt"
* *!lt* - synonym for "ge"
* *#* - starts a comment that continues to the end of the line or bracket
* *$* - scalar sigil, operator to force scalar context
* *$* _(regex Metachar)_ - end of the string
* *$$* _(regex Metachar)_ - end of a line
* *%* - gives remainder of a modulo division, forces numeric context; hash sigil
* *&* - junctive and, requires that all conditions are met; generates subref
* *&&* - logical and, conditonal statements, ends evaluation on the first false expression, returns boolean result
* *()* - grouping of values (parameters)
* *{{*}}* - multiplies numbers and forces numeric context on parameters; marks slurpy arrays in signatures; secondary sigil for global variables; synonym for Inf in connection with a Range operator (".."); marks the end of an array in a slice operator so that negative indices access array elements relative to one beyond the final element
* *{{**}}* _(scalar num op)_ - raises a number to a power and forces numeric context
* *{{**}}* _(regex Metachar)_ - multiplies char or group like x _(scalar strig op)_ outside of regex, (ha)**3 equals (hahaha)
* *+* _(scalar num op)_ - forces numeric context of values and adds results
* *+&* _(scalar num op)_ - bitwise and, numeric context
* *++* _(prefix & suffix op)_ - generic autoincrement, calls internal iterator of that object, before (prefix) or after (suffix) the evaluation of the surrounding term
* *+<* _(scalar num op)_ - shift left in numeric kontext
* *+>* _(scalar num op)_ - shift right in numeric kontext
* *+^* _(scalar num op)_ - bitwise xor in numeric context
* *+|* _(scalar num op)_ - bitwise or in numeric context
* *,* - list generating operator
* *{{-}}* - forces numeric context and subtract
* *--* _(prefix & suffix op)_ - generic autodecrement, calls internal iterator of that object, before (prefix) or after (suffix) the evaluation of the surrounding term
* *-->* - alternative syntax to type a parameter
* {{->}} - assigns a named parameter for a block (pointy block)
* *.* - secondary sigil for public accessors (getter/setter)
* *.* _(regex Metachar)_ - really any character (unlike Perl 5)
* *..* - range generating operator; range object in scalar context, see smartmatch table
* *...* - yadda Operator
* */* - division, numeric context
* *//* - err operator, returns the first defined value
* *:* - converts decimal numbers to another base; pair generation operator
* *::* - name space separator (like in Perl 5)
* *::=* - binding at compile time
* *:=* - creates an alias to a variable (binding)
* *;* - seperates commands (statements) or array indices eg {{@[2;3] instead of @a[2][3]}}
* *<* less than, numeric comparison operator
* *<->* double pointy syntax to assign a rw parameter to a block
* *<<* - applies the operator on the left as hyper operator to the array on the right
* *<<==* - leftward pointing feed operator that adds values to an existing list (append-mode)
* *<< >>* - circumfix quoting operator for grouping with autoquoting and evaluation (alias to Q :qq :ww /.../)
* *<=* - less than or equal, numeric comparison operator
* *<==* - leftward pointing feed operator
* *<=>* - numeric less-equal-greater comparison for Order class
* *< >* circumfix quoting operator for grouping with autoquoting (alias to Q :q :ww /.../)
* *=* _(Op)_ - assignment, left side is evaluated and assigned to the right
* *{{<op>=}}* _(meta op)_ - self assignment, left side is one oper and the result is assigned to ($a += 3; equals $a = $a + 3)
* *=:=* _(Op)_ - compares binding, if both vars are bound to same memory location
* *==* _(Op)_ - equality of value (numeric)
* *===* _(Op)_ - equality of value and type
* *==>* _(Op)_ - rightward pointing feed operator
* *==>>* _(Op)_ - rightward pointing feed operator that adds values to an existing list (append-mode)
* *=>* _(Op)_ - pair (and hash) constructor, _fatarrow_
* *>* _(Op)_ - greater than, numeric comparison operator; ends grouping with autoquoting (formerly qw())
* *>=* _(Op)_ - greater than or equal, numeric comparison Op
* *>>* _(Op)_ - binds operator (right) as hyper operator to an array (left)
* *?* - forces binary context in an expression
* *?* - marks optional parameters in signatures
* *?* - quantifier for 0 or 1 occurrence in Regexes
* *?* - secondary sigil for constant compiler hint variables
* *?&* - logical op, and combinator, forces binary context
* *?? !!* - ternary or conditional operator
* *???* - yadda operator
* *?^* - logical xor, forces operands into boolean context
* *?|* - logical or, forces operands into boolean context
* *@* - sigil of an array
* *@@* - sigil for multislice context, meaning an array that may contain array references
* *<var>[]* - postcircumfix operator that creates an array reference. When it encloses a list; after an array name takes a list of subscripts and returns a partial array (slice) consisting of the subscripted values
* [] - reduction metaop, close to functional "reduce"
* *\* - capture operator, creates a reference to the following structure
* *^* - junctive xor, requires that one value in a list is true
* *^* - in ranges excludes a limit value, in scalar context see smartmatch, in array context see array creating operators;
* *^* _(twigil)_ - for automatically named parameters of a block
* *^* _(regex Metachar)_ - start of the string
* *^^* - logical xor, combines expressions, returns true when only one expression is true, otherwise false
* *^^* _(regex Metachar)_ - start of a line
* *{ }* - circumfix operator: encloses blocks and creates a coderef, or a hashref when it is identified as a hash or contains a '=>'
* *|* - dereferences a Capture; junctive or, requires that a condition is fulfilled
* *||* - logical or, evaluates sequentially, ends evaluation at the first expression that returns true
* *~* - make string context (stringify) or concatenate strings, synonym for cat
* *~&* - characterwise and, forces string context
* *~*< - characterwise left shift, forces string context
* *~>* - characterwise right shift, forces string context
* *~^* - characterwise xor, forces string context
* *~|* - characterwise or, forces string context
* *~~* - smartmatch operator, compares (almost) all data types
^^ A
* *a* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of array variables, short form of ":array", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *abs* _(scalar num op)_ - returns numeric absolute value
* *after* - comparison operator used by the Order class, true if left should follow right
* *all* - junctive AND operator
* *and* - logical AND operator
* *andthen* - logical AND short circuit operator, transferring $_ from first to second block/command, if first do succeed
* *any* - junctive OR operator
* _Array_ - in Perl a series of scalar values, or a variable that stores such a list
* *array* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of array variables, long form of ":a", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *as* - scalar method, converts like sprintf
* _AST_ - (abstract syntax tree), tree like data structure, in which source code is transformed, before running the programm
* *async* _(block modifier)_ - allows the interpreter to parallelize the following
* *assuming* - method of all subroutine reference objects that enables Currying
^^ B
* *b* _(quote adverb)_ - forces evaluation of "escape sequences"{link: [perl_lookup_table] escape_sequences}, short form of ":backslash", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *backslash* _(quote adverb)_ - forces evaluation of "escape sequences"{link: [perl_lookup_table] escape_sequences}, long form of ":b", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *before* - comparison operator used by the Order class, true when left should precede right
* *BEGIN* _(closure trait)_ - special Block, is executed in compile time
* _Binding_ - making two variables share the same contents
* _Block_ - statements enclosed by curly braces
* *but* - alters properties of a variable at run time
* *by* - sets interval for the range (..) operator
* *bytes* - scalar method returns number of bytes used
^^ C
* *c* _(quote adverb)_ - forces evaluation of closures (blocks aka {{{ ... }}}) inside quotes, long form of ":closure", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *cached* _(sub trait)_ -
* *call* - execute a subroutine
* *caller* - object describing the code from which as routine was invoked
* *callwith* - submethode by which one can call a sub with a different signature
* *capitalize* - alias to ucirst, makes first char of every word upper case
* _capture_ - object that can contain one or more variables as they may occur in a Signature
* *cat* - concatenes strings, synonym for '~' and array method
* *category* _(grammatical category)_ - namespace of grammatical categories, in case you want to create a new one with a macro
* *chars* - scalar method returns number of characters
* *chdir* - changes the current working directory ($*CWD)
* *chmod* - changes access rights of files
* *chomp* _(scalar method)_ - returns a string with the last newline (if there is one) removed
* *chop* _(scalar method)_ - returns a string with the last character removed
* *chown* - changes owner of files
* *circumfix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that stay after one statement or variable, but do surround a second (like braces in $a[2])
* *class* _(block modifier)_ - declares a collection of methods that define an object
* *classify* _(array op)_ - special form of map, to sort several arrays
* *close* - methode on Filehandle class, ending the connection with a file
* *closure* _(quote adverb)_ - forces evaluation of closures (blocks aka {{{ ... }}}) inside quotes, long form of ":c", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* _closure_ - routines whose state (content of all local variables) is completely preserved until the next execution
* *cmp* _(scalar comp op)_ - compares values textually, gives results -1(lower than), 0 (equal), 1 (greater than), using the Order class
* *Code* - data typ for code references of any kind
* *code* _(quote adverb)_ - quasi quoting, the commented will be compiles and the AST will be returned as result, see also: quasi
* _Coderef_ - reference (pointer) to an executable block of code (routine)
* *comb* _(array method)_ - takes another array as parameter and produces cross product of two arrays (like X operator), eg 1,2 X 3,4 == 1,3,1,4,2,3,2,4
* _compile time_ - the process when Perl converts source code to executable form
* *constant* _(var trait)_ - makes so declared var (_is constant_) a real constant
* *contend* _(block modifier)_ - marks a block as atomic, concurrent proceses have to wait
* _Context_ - when executing a function or operator Perl considers the expression from which the call was to return a scalar or other kind of result
* _Context variable_ - $_ is used by built in Perl functions as an implicit parameter
* *continue* - makes execution in a 'given' also try the following 'when' clauses
* _Currying_ - creating a subroutine as a derivate from another with certain parameter to be predefined
^^ D
* *default* - the clause executed in a given construct if no when clause matched
* _Declarative Programming_ - programming paradigm that expresses the logic of a computation without describing its control flow
* *defer* _(block modifier)_ -
* *defined* - scalar method tests whether a value has been assigned to a variable
* *delete* - removes a key and value from a hash
* _Design by Contract_ - programming style in which parameters and return values from routines must meet conditions; A signature is considered contract in Perl 6
* *dim* - array dimensioning
* *div* - division, creates fraction objects in Integer context
* *do* - executes a block (do once loop)
* *does* - checks if an objekt inherits this role
* *double* _(quoting adverb)_ - double quoting, "q" with interpolation of variables, alias to "...", qq /.../ and Q :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b /.../, long for ":qq"
^^ E
* *elems* _(array method)_ - returns number of elements
* *else* - introduces the alternative block after an 'if' or 'elsif'
* *elsif* - alternative if clause
* *eq* - equal, string comparison
* *equiv* _(sub trait)_ - defines the relative precedence of an operator as equivalent of an other (given as Parameter)
* *eqv* - compares the dynamic state of objects and values, in contrast with static ===
* *err* _(logical operator)_ - returns the first defined value from the left
* _Exception_ - errors or abnormal events interfering with normal execution, which Perl 6 can both generate and handle
* *exec* _(quoting adverb)_ - quoted string will be executed and replaced with its result, alias to Q :x and qx //
* *exists* - checks for existence of a variable or hash member, scalar method
^^ F
* *f* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of functions (subs and methods), that start with "&" and replacing them with the result, long form of ":function", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *Failure* - data type for an error thrown by an unhandled exception
* *false* - boolean value aka Bool::False
* *ff* - flip flop operator in the style of awk, formerly .. in scalar context
* *fff* - flip flop operator in the style of sed, formerly ... in scalar context
* *flip* _(scalar string op)_ - revers strings on character level
* *fmt* - method on a scalar, takes a format specifier returns a string, simplified sprintf
* *for* _(block modifier)_ - iterates over a list
* *function* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of functions (subs and methods), that start with "&" and replacing them with the result, long form of ":f", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* _Functional Programming_ - exclusively function based programming style, considered as a branch of Declarative Programming
^^ G
* *gather* _(block modifier)_ - performs the following block once, returns a list of all values passed by 'take'
* *ge* - greater than on equal, string comparison
* *get* _(handle method)_ - returns a line (scalar context) or all lines (array context) from that input stream
* *given* - case construct puts a value into the context variable for when clauses
* *goto* - flow control, transfer execution to a defined label
* *grammar* - special kind of class to hold regex token and rule definitions
* *group* -
* *gt* - greater than or equal, string comparison
^^ H
* *h* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of hash variables, long form of ":hash", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *has* - creates an attribute for an object
* *handles* - delegates execution of a function to another method
* _Hash_ - two column table, values in one column are keys to refer to the values in the other column
* *hash* - sets hash-list context
* *hash* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of hash variables, long form of ":h", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *heredoc* _(quote adverb)_ - defines end marker for the following heredoc, :heredoc is equal to :to
^^ I
* *if* _(block modifier)_ - flow control conditional statement or block modifier, executes code only when a condition expression evaluates to true
* *index* - finds the first occurrence of a substring from a position in a string
* *Inf* - infinity, to generate infinite lazy lists
* *infix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that are surrounded by whitespace (\w) between 2 vars or statements _($a + $b)_
* *inline* _(sub trait)_ -
* *int* - extract a whole number value, discarding fractional part
* *invert* _(hash method)_ - inverts the key => value relation of pairs and hashes
* *is* - bind a traits to a variable
* _Iteration_ - flow control, repeatedly executing a block
^^ J
* *join* _(array method & op)_ - concatenates list elements into a string, optionally inserting another string between the elements
^^ K
* *key* _(pair method)_ - gives the key part of a pair
* *keys* _(hash method)_ - returns list of hash keys
* *kv* _(hash method)_ - returns list of key-value pairs
^^ L
* *last* _(flow control)_ - end the current looping block
* *last* _(array method)_ - number of final element
* *lc* _(scalar string op & method)_ - make string lowercase
* *lcfirst* _(scalar string op & method)_ - make first char of a string lowercase
* *le* _(comparison op)_ - lower than or equal, string comparison
* *leave* _(flow control)_ - exit the current block
* *leg* _(comparison op)_ - lower/equal/greater comparator for text
* *let* - changes value of a variable temporary, it will be set back if the current block exits unsuccessfully
* *lines* _(handle method)_ - returns an iterator over all lines of that input stream, for lazy retrieval
* *loop* _(block modifier)_ - general flow control command for repetition
* *looser* _(sub trait)_ - defines relative precedence of an operator as lesser than another (given as Parameter)
* *lt* _(string comparison op)_ - lower than, string comparison
^^ M
* *macro* - define a routine to alter source code at compile time
* *map* - take a list, perform a block on each member, return a list of the results Arraymethode
* *match* - compare a string to a regex/token/rule, alias to smartmatch operator (~~)
* *max* _(list op)_ - returns the numerically largest value from a given list
* *maybe* _(block modifier)_ -
* *method* - defines a method in a class
* _Method_ - object oriented function or subroutine in a class
* *min* - returns the numerically smallest value from a given list
* *minmax* - returns the highest and lowest values from a list, as a 2 item list
* *mod* - generic modulo operator
* *module* _(block modifier)_ - introduces a module name, a package that performs special actions on loading
* *multi* - sub and method overloading modifier to allow multimethod dispatch
* *my* - makes a variable or routine lexical, therefore exists and is valid only in the current scope (usually a block)
^^ N
* *new* - creates a new object of a class, also name of the automatically called constructor method
* *next* - looping command to go to the start of the following iteration
* *none* - return true when a value is not part of a set, junctive NOT operator
* *not* - logical NOT operator, negates truth value, alternative to `!` with lower precedence
^^ O
* _Object Oriented Programming_ - programming paradigm (style), that arranges data and functions that belong together into so called objects
* *of* _(sub trait)_ - defines return type
* *one* - junctive XOR operator
* *only* - subroutine modifier, permits only a routine of the same name
* *or* - logical or operator
* *orelse* - logical OR short circuit operator, transferring an Error code from first to second block/command, if first do not succeed
* *our* - makes a variable or subroutine name visible in all the current package
^^ P
* *p5=>* _(Op)_ - hash constructor, that works like in Perl 5, generates just a list that can converted in hash context to an hash
* *package* _(block modifier)_ - defines this Block or File as namespace (almost like in Perl 5), some uses are now better to do with "module" and "class"
* *pair* - force pair context
* *pairs* _(hash method)_ - returns all contents as an array or pairs (key,value)
* _Parameter_ - value passed to a method or subroutine
* *parsed* _(sub trait)_ - this macro will be parsed once, it is hygienic, but own and later defined rules can't be applied, opposite of "reparsed"
* _Parsetree_ - hierarchical data representing the logical structure of a program
* *perl* - evaluates the following string or content of the var on which is called this method, functions with "say" like a better Data::Dumper
* *pick* _(array method)_ - select a number of random vaues
* _pointy block_ - a block that is given parameters with '->'
* *pop* _(array op & method)_ - removes and returns the last element in an array
* *postcircumfix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that stay after one statement or variable, but do surround a second (like braces in $a[2])
* *postfix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that stay after a statement or variable (like $a++)
* *prefix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that stay before a statement or variable (like ++$a)
* *print* - sends characters to an output stream without adding a newline, see 'say'
* *printf* - formats text and sends it to standard output
* *prompt* - reading a line from $*IN formerly STDIN
* _property_ - metadata set at runtime
* *proto* - predeclaration of subroutine or method
* *push* _(array op & method)_ - adds a list of values to the end of an array
^^ Q
* *Q* - generalized quoting op, understands a "list of adverbs"{link: [perl_lookup_table] quoting_ops_and_adverbs}
* *q* _(quoting op)_ - simple quoting (slashes and '), alias to '...' and Q :q /.../ and Q :single /.../
* *q* _(quoting adverb)_ - simple quoting (slashes and '), alias to '...' and q /.../, short for ":single"
* *qq* _(quoting op)_ - double quoting, "q" with interpolation of variables, alias to "..." and Q :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b /.../ and Q :qq // and Q :double //
* *qq* _(quoting adverb)_ - double quoting, "q" with interpolation of variables, alias to "...", qq /.../ and Q :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b /.../, short for ":double"
* *quasi* _(block modifier)_ - quasi quoting, the commented will be compiles and the AST will be returned as result, see also: code
* *qw* _(quoting op)_ - splits result on words (as in P5), alias to Q :q :w //
* *qx* _(quoting op)_ - execute as command and return results (as in P5), alias to Q :x //
* *quote* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace, used to define new quoting ops with a macro
* *quote_mod* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace, used to define new quoting adverbs
* *quotewords* _(quoting adverb)_ - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces) with quote protection (like in shell - '' and "" sourround words), long form of ":quotewords", used in {{< ... > and << ... >>}}
^^ R
* *R*<op> _(meta op)_ - reverse operands
* *rand* - generate a floating point random number between 0.0 and 1.0
* _Range Operator_ - written as '..' in scalar context defines set of possible values for smartmatch, in list context makes a list of successive values
* *readline* - now called 'get', reads from an input stream until the next newline
* *redo* - re-starts processing of the current loop
* _Reference_ - address of data in memory, often termed a Capture in Perl 6
* *regex* - a pattern definition without :ratchet and :sigspace, can be put in a grammar, similar to qx// in Perl 5
* _Regular Expression_ - in Perl5: pattern matching notation, either regex, token or rule in Perl6
* *reparsed* _(sub trait)_ - after parsing this macro, it will be reparsed, so that not hygienic, but its own and later defined rules can be applied, opposite of "parsed"
* *return* - ends a subroutine and defines the value given to the caller
* *returns* - sub trait describing the type of value produced by a function
* *reverse* _(array method)_ - returns all the members in the opposite order. Use "flip" to turn a string back to front and "invert" for hashes
* *rindex* - finds the last occurrence before a given position, of a substring within a string
* *role* - container for methods that can extend a class using does
* *rule* - alais for "regex :ratchet :sigspace" in a grammar, see regex, token
* _Runtime_ - time when software is being used (not compiletime), or software components necessary for that, or length of time to execute
* *rx* _(quote op)_ - regex operator, to assign a regex into a var, creates (anonymous) regex for searching a string, alias to Q :regex // and regex _(block modificator)_
^^ S
* *s* _(quote op)_ - subst operator, to assign a regex into a var, creates (anonymous) regex for replacing operations, alias to Q :subst // and subst _(block modificator)_
* *s* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of hash variables, long form of ":scalar", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *say* - a function like print that also appends a newline (\n)
* _Scope_ - the block of code within which an identifier is usable
* *seed* - initialize a random number generator, optionally with a value
* *sigil* _(grammatical category)_ - word to name the namespace for sigils, used to redifine them or define your own with a macro
* _Signature_ - Information about the expected parameters for subroutine, in Perl6 the round parentheses after the `sub` command
* *signature* _(sub trait)_ -
* *single* _(quoting adverb)_ - simple quoting (slashes and '), alias to '...' and q /.../, long for ":q"
* _scalar_ - variable that holds a single value
* *scalar* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of scalar variables, long form of ":s", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* _slice_ - part of an array
* *slurp* - reads a entire file into a string
* _slurpy Array_ - array parameter that receives all (slurps) all optional subroutine arguments
* *special_variable* _(grammatical category)_ - namespace to define and redefine special variables with a macro
* *split* - makes an array of substrings from a string and a separator
* *sprintf* - like printf but returns the string instead of outputting it
* *state* - declares variables known only in the enclosing block, that retain their values between invocations
* _String_ - series of characters, text
* *sub* _(block modifier)_ - defines a subroutine
* *submethod* _(block modifier)_ - defines methods, not inherited by subclasses
* _Subroutine_ - block of code callable by name
* *subset* - define a subtype, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 }
* *subst* _(quote op)_ - scalar method to perform substitution, alias to s///
* *substr* - the scalar substring function like in Perl 5
^^ T
* *take* - produces a return value in a gather block
* *temp* - defines variables as temporary, synonym for the Perl 5 "local"
* *term* _(grammatical category)_ - namespace of terms, used to redifine them or make a new with a macro
* *tighter* _(sub trait)_ - defines relative precedence of an operator as higher than another (given as Parameter)
* *to* _(quote adverb)_ - defines end marker for the following heredoc, :to is short for :heredoc
* *token* - kind of regex :ratchet (no backtracking), part of a grammar
* _Topicalizer_ - every keyword that sets the $_ variable, eg given, for
* *tr* _(quote op)_ - transliteration (as in Perl 5), translating some character in a string into others, alias to Q :trans ///
* _Trait_ - additional property of a variable, defined at compile time, see but
* *trans* _(quote adverb)_ - evals the quoted as transliteration aka tr ///
* *true* _(Op)_ - converts value into the boolean context, low precedence alternative to "?"
* *true* - boolean value aka Bool::True
* *trusts* - allows a class the acess to otherwised sealed namespaces
* _Twigil_ - second(ary) Sigil indicating a special property of a variable
* *twigil* _(grammatical category)_ - word to name the namespace for twigils, used to redifine them or define your own with a macro
^^ U
* *uc* - make string uppercase
* *ucfirst* - make first char of a string uppercase
* *undef* - undefined, Perl word for 'empty'
* *unless* _(block modifier)_ - flow control modifier, opposite of if, runs block if expression is false
* *until* _(block modifier)_ - opposite of while, runs block repeatedly is long as expression is false
* *unwrap* - remove an enclosing subroutine
* *use* - load a module, import definitions, check Perl version
^^ V
* *value* _(pair method)_ - gets value (second) value of a pair
* *values* _hash method_ - returns an array of just the values
^^ W
* *w* _(quoting adverb)_ - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces), no quote protection, short form of ":words", used in qw//
* *want* - produces a signature object that provides information about the context from which the current routine was called
* *Whatever* - an undefined type used as wildcard (like undef) (S12)
* *when* _(block modifier)_ - executes its code block if a 'given' value smartmatches
* *where* - defines subtypes of data, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 }
* *while* _(block modifier)_ - flow control modifier runs block repeatedly as long as en expression is true
* *words* _(quoting adverb)_ - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces), no quote protection, long form of ":w", used in qw//
* *wrap* - creates enveloping subroutine
* *ww* _(quoting adverb)_ - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces) with quote protection (like in shell - '' and "" sourround words), short form of ":quotewords", used in {{< ... > and << ... >>}}
^^ X
* *X* _(list op)_ - Cross product of two arrays, eg 1,2 X 3,4 == 1,3,1,4,2,3,2,4 ; alias of comb method
* *X*<op> _(meta op)_ - Cross product with hyper operator, eg <a b> X~ <y z> == <ay az by bz>
* *x* _(scalar string op)_ - string replicate operator to single string, eg 'ab' x 3 == 'ababab'
* *x* _(quoting adverb)_ - quoted string will be executed and replaced with its result, alias to Q :exec and qx //
* *xor* _(scalar bool op)_ - boolean exclusive or operator
* *xx* _(scalar string op)_ - string replicate operator to array, eg 'ab' xx 3 == <ab ab ab>
^^ Y
^^ Z
* *Z* _(list op)_ - alias to zip _(list op)_
* *zip* _(list op)_ - zip operator, joines 2 lists eg 1,2,3,4 Z 8,9 == 1,8,2,9
{link: A} | {link: B} | {link: C} | {link: D} | {link: E} | {link: F} | {link: G} | {link: H} | {link: I} | {link: J} | {link: K} | {link: L} | {link: M} | {link: N} | {link: O} | {link: P} | {link: Q} | {link: R} | {link: S} | {link: T} | {link: T} | {link: U} | {link: V} | {link: W} | {link: X} | {link: Y} | {link: Z}
----
"Overview"[Perl Tablets] - Chapter "0:Intr"[Perl Table Intro], "1:Hist"[Perl History Table], "2:Design"[Perl Language Design Table], "3:Var"[Perl Variables Table], "4:Op"[Perl Operators Table], 5:IO, 6:{}, 7:Sub, 8:OOP, 9:Rx - Appendix *"A:Index"[Perl Table Index]*, "B:Tables"[Perl Lookup Table], "C:Best of"[Best Of Perl Table], "D:Delta"[Perl Delta Table], "E:Links"[Perl Links Table]
----
----
{link: A} | {link: B} | {link: C} | {link: D} | {link: E} | {link: F} | {link: G} | {link: H} | {link: I} | {link: J} | {link: K} | {link: L} | {link: M} | {link: N} | {link: O} | {link: P} | {link: Q} | {link: R} | {link: S} | {link: T} | {link: U} | {link: V} | {link: W} | {link: X} | {link: Y} | {link: Z}
This Index contains short explanations for all Operators, Methods, Builtins and some technical Terms.
* *!* - logical negation, forces binary context;
* *!* - secondary sigil (twigil) on private class adn object variables
* *!!* - second Part of the ternary (conditional) operator after ??
* *!!!* - yadda Operator
* *!<* - not less, synonym for ">="
* *!<=* - not less or equal, weird synonym for ">"
* *!=* - compare op, true if numeric unequal, short for "!=="
* *!=:=* - compare op, tests negated on binding
* *!==* - compare op, tests inequality in numeric context, negated form
* *!===* - compare op, tests identity, negated form
* *!>* - synonym for "<="
* *!>=* - synonym for "<"
* *!~~* - negated smartmatch operator
* *!eq* - synonym for "ne"
* *!eqv* - negated form of dynamic equivalence
* *!ge* - synonym for "lt"
* *!gt* - synonym for "le"
* *!le* - synonym for "gt"
* *!lt* - synonym for "ge"
* *#* - starts a comment that continues to the end of the line or bracket
* *$* - scalar sigil, operator to force scalar context
* *$* _(regex Metachar)_ - end of the string
* *$$* _(regex Metachar)_ - end of a line
* *%* - gives remainder of a modulo division, forces numeric context; hash sigil
* *&* - junctive and, requires that all conditions are met; generates subref
* *&&* - logical and, conditonal statements, ends evaluation on the first false expression, returns boolean result
* *()* - grouping of values (parameters)
* *{{*}}* - multiplies numbers and forces numeric context on parameters; marks slurpy arrays in signatures; secondary sigil for global variables; synonym for Inf in connection with a Range operator (".."); marks the end of an array in a slice operator so that negative indices access array elements relative to one beyond the final element
* *{{**}}* _(scalar num op)_ - raises a number to a power and forces numeric context
* *{{**}}* _(regex Metachar)_ - multiplies char or group like x _(scalar strig op)_ outside of regex, (ha)**3 equals (hahaha)
* *+* _(scalar num op)_ - forces numeric context of values and adds results
* *+&* _(scalar num op)_ - bitwise and, numeric context
* *++* _(prefix & suffix op)_ - generic autoincrement, calls internal iterator of that object, before (prefix) or after (suffix) the evaluation of the surrounding term
* *+<* _(scalar num op)_ - shift left in numeric kontext
* *+>* _(scalar num op)_ - shift right in numeric kontext
* *+^* _(scalar num op)_ - bitwise xor in numeric context
* *+|* _(scalar num op)_ - bitwise or in numeric context
* *,* - list generating operator
* *{{-}}* - forces numeric context and subtract
* *--* _(prefix & suffix op)_ - generic autodecrement, calls internal iterator of that object, before (prefix) or after (suffix) the evaluation of the surrounding term
* *-->* - alternative syntax to type a parameter
* {{->}} - assigns a named parameter for a block (pointy block)
* *.* - secondary sigil for public accessors (getter/setter)
* *.* _(regex Metachar)_ - really any character (unlike Perl 5)
* *..* - range generating operator; range object in scalar context, see smartmatch table
* *...* - yadda Operator
* */* - division, numeric context
* *//* - err operator, returns the first defined value
* *:* - converts decimal numbers to another base; pair generation operator
* *::* - name space separator (like in Perl 5)
* *::=* - binding at compile time
* *:=* - creates an alias to a variable (binding)
* *;* - seperates commands (statements) or array indices eg {{@[2;3] instead of @a[2][3]}}
* *<* less than, numeric comparison operator
* *<->* double pointy syntax to assign a rw parameter to a block
* *<<* - applies the operator on the left as hyper operator to the array on the right
* *<<==* - leftward pointing feed operator that adds values to an existing list (append-mode)
* *<< >>* - circumfix quoting operator for grouping with autoquoting and evaluation (alias to Q :qq :ww /.../)
* *<=* - less than or equal, numeric comparison operator
* *<==* - leftward pointing feed operator
* *<=>* - numeric less-equal-greater comparison for Order class
* *< >* circumfix quoting operator for grouping with autoquoting (alias to Q :q :ww /.../)
* *=* _(Op)_ - assignment, left side is evaluated and assigned to the right
* *{{<op>=}}* _(meta op)_ - self assignment, left side is one oper and the result is assigned to ($a += 3; equals $a = $a + 3)
* *=:=* _(Op)_ - compares binding, if both vars are bound to same memory location
* *==* _(Op)_ - equality of value (numeric)
* *===* _(Op)_ - equality of value and type
* *==>* _(Op)_ - rightward pointing feed operator
* *==>>* _(Op)_ - rightward pointing feed operator that adds values to an existing list (append-mode)
* *=>* _(Op)_ - pair (and hash) constructor, _fatarrow_
* *>* _(Op)_ - greater than, numeric comparison operator; ends grouping with autoquoting (formerly qw())
* *>=* _(Op)_ - greater than or equal, numeric comparison Op
* *>>* _(Op)_ - binds operator (right) as hyper operator to an array (left)
* *?* - forces binary context in an expression
* *?* - marks optional parameters in signatures
* *?* - quantifier for 0 or 1 occurrence in Regexes
* *?* - secondary sigil for constant compiler hint variables
* *?&* - logical op, and combinator, forces binary context
* *?? !!* - ternary or conditional operator
* *???* - yadda operator
* *?^* - logical xor, forces operands into boolean context
* *?|* - logical or, forces operands into boolean context
* *@* - sigil of an array
* *@@* - sigil for multislice context, meaning an array that may contain array references
* *<var>[]* - postcircumfix operator that creates an array reference. When it encloses a list; after an array name takes a list of subscripts and returns a partial array (slice) consisting of the subscripted values
* [] - reduction metaop, close to functional "reduce"
* *\* - capture operator, creates a reference to the following structure
* *^* - junctive xor, requires that one value in a list is true
* *^* - in ranges excludes a limit value, in scalar context see smartmatch, in array context see array creating operators;
* *^* _(twigil)_ - for automatically named parameters of a block
* *^* _(regex Metachar)_ - start of the string
* *^^* - logical xor, combines expressions, returns true when only one expression is true, otherwise false
* *^^* _(regex Metachar)_ - start of a line
* *{ }* - circumfix operator: encloses blocks and creates a coderef, or a hashref when it is identified as a hash or contains a '=>'
* *|* - dereferences a Capture; junctive or, requires that a condition is fulfilled
* *||* - logical or, evaluates sequentially, ends evaluation at the first expression that returns true
* *~* - make string context (stringify) or concatenate strings, synonym for cat
* *~&* - characterwise and, forces string context
* *~*< - characterwise left shift, forces string context
* *~>* - characterwise right shift, forces string context
* *~^* - characterwise xor, forces string context
* *~|* - characterwise or, forces string context
* *~~* - smartmatch operator, compares (almost) all data types
^^ A
* *a* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of array variables, short form of ":array", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *abs* _(scalar num op)_ - returns numeric absolute value
* *after* - comparison operator used by the Order class, true if left should follow right
* *all* - junctive AND operator
* *and* - logical AND operator
* *andthen* - logical AND short circuit operator, transferring $_ from first to second block/command, if first do succeed
* *any* - junctive OR operator
* _Array_ - in Perl a series of scalar values, or a variable that stores such a list
* *array* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of array variables, long form of ":a", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *as* - scalar method, converts like sprintf
* _AST_ - (abstract syntax tree), tree like data structure, in which source code is transformed, before running the programm
* *async* _(block modifier)_ - allows the interpreter to parallelize the following
* *assuming* - method of all subroutine reference objects that enables Currying
^^ B
* *b* _(quote adverb)_ - forces evaluation of "escape sequences"{link: [perl_lookup_table] escape_sequences}, short form of ":backslash", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *backslash* _(quote adverb)_ - forces evaluation of "escape sequences"{link: [perl_lookup_table] escape_sequences}, long form of ":b", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *before* - comparison operator used by the Order class, true when left should precede right
* *BEGIN* _(closure trait)_ - special Block, is executed in compile time
* _Binding_ - making two variables share the same contents
* _Block_ - statements enclosed by curly braces
* *but* - alters properties of a variable at run time
* *by* - sets interval for the range (..) operator
* *bytes* - scalar method returns number of bytes used
^^ C
* *c* _(quote adverb)_ - forces evaluation of closures (blocks aka {{{ ... }}}) inside quotes, long form of ":closure", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *cached* _(sub trait)_ -
* *call* - execute a subroutine
* *caller* - object describing the code from which as routine was invoked
* *callwith* - submethode by which one can call a sub with a different signature
* *capitalize* - alias to ucirst, makes first char of every word upper case
* _capture_ - object that can contain one or more variables as they may occur in a Signature
* *cat* - concatenes strings, synonym for '~' and array method
* *category* _(grammatical category)_ - namespace of grammatical categories, in case you want to create a new one with a macro
* *chars* - scalar method returns number of characters
* *chdir* - changes the current working directory ($*CWD)
* *chmod* - changes access rights of files
* *chomp* _(scalar method)_ - returns a string with the last newline (if there is one) removed
* *chop* _(scalar method)_ - returns a string with the last character removed
* *chown* - changes owner of files
* *circumfix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that stay after one statement or variable, but do surround a second (like braces in $a[2])
* *class* _(block modifier)_ - declares a collection of methods that define an object
* *classify* _(array op)_ - special form of map, to sort several arrays
* *close* - methode on Filehandle class, ending the connection with a file
* *closure* _(quote adverb)_ - forces evaluation of closures (blocks aka {{{ ... }}}) inside quotes, long form of ":c", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* _closure_ - routines whose state (content of all local variables) is completely preserved until the next execution
* *cmp* _(scalar comp op)_ - compares values textually, gives results -1(lower than), 0 (equal), 1 (greater than), using the Order class
* *Code* - data typ for code references of any kind
* *code* _(quote adverb)_ - quasi quoting, the commented will be compiles and the AST will be returned as result, see also: quasi
* _Coderef_ - reference (pointer) to an executable block of code (routine)
* *comb* _(array method)_ - takes another array as parameter and produces cross product of two arrays (like X operator), eg 1,2 X 3,4 == 1,3,1,4,2,3,2,4
* _compile time_ - the process when Perl converts source code to executable form
* *constant* _(var trait)_ - makes so declared var (_is constant_) a real constant
* *contend* _(block modifier)_ - marks a block as atomic, concurrent proceses have to wait
* _Context_ - when executing a function or operator Perl considers the expression from which the call was to return a scalar or other kind of result
* _Context variable_ - $_ is used by built in Perl functions as an implicit parameter
* *continue* - makes execution in a 'given' also try the following 'when' clauses
* _Currying_ - creating a subroutine as a derivate from another with certain parameter to be predefined
^^ D
* *default* - the clause executed in a given construct if no when clause matched
* _Declarative Programming_ - programming paradigm that expresses the logic of a computation without describing its control flow
* *defer* _(block modifier)_ -
* *defined* - scalar method tests whether a value has been assigned to a variable
* *delete* - removes a key and value from a hash
* _Design by Contract_ - programming style in which parameters and return values from routines must meet conditions; A signature is considered contract in Perl 6
* *dim* - array dimensioning
* *div* - division, creates fraction objects in Integer context
* *do* - executes a block (do once loop)
* *does* - checks if an objekt inherits this role
* *double* _(quoting adverb)_ - double quoting, "q" with interpolation of variables, alias to "...", qq /.../ and Q :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b /.../, long for ":qq"
^^ E
* *elems* _(array method)_ - returns number of elements
* *else* - introduces the alternative block after an 'if' or 'elsif'
* *elsif* - alternative if clause
* *eq* - equal, string comparison
* *equiv* _(sub trait)_ - defines the relative precedence of an operator as equivalent of an other (given as Parameter)
* *eqv* - compares the dynamic state of objects and values, in contrast with static ===
* *err* _(logical operator)_ - returns the first defined value from the left
* _Exception_ - errors or abnormal events interfering with normal execution, which Perl 6 can both generate and handle
* *exec* _(quoting adverb)_ - quoted string will be executed and replaced with its result, alias to Q :x and qx //
* *exists* - checks for existence of a variable or hash member, scalar method
^^ F
* *f* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of functions (subs and methods), that start with "&" and replacing them with the result, long form of ":function", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *Failure* - data type for an error thrown by an unhandled exception
* *false* - boolean value aka Bool::False
* *ff* - flip flop operator in the style of awk, formerly .. in scalar context
* *fff* - flip flop operator in the style of sed, formerly ... in scalar context
* *flip* _(scalar string op)_ - revers strings on character level
* *fmt* - method on a scalar, takes a format specifier returns a string, simplified sprintf
* *for* _(block modifier)_ - iterates over a list
* *function* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of functions (subs and methods), that start with "&" and replacing them with the result, long form of ":f", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* _Functional Programming_ - exclusively function based programming style, considered as a branch of Declarative Programming
^^ G
* *gather* _(block modifier)_ - performs the following block once, returns a list of all values passed by 'take'
* *ge* - greater than on equal, string comparison
* *get* _(handle method)_ - returns a line (scalar context) or all lines (array context) from that input stream
* *given* - case construct puts a value into the context variable for when clauses
* *goto* - flow control, transfer execution to a defined label
* *grammar* - special kind of class to hold regex token and rule definitions
* *group* -
* *gt* - greater than or equal, string comparison
^^ H
* *h* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of hash variables, long form of ":hash", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *has* - creates an attribute for an object
* *handles* - delegates execution of a function to another method
* _Hash_ - two column table, values in one column are keys to refer to the values in the other column
* *hash* - sets hash-list context
* *hash* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of hash variables, long form of ":h", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *heredoc* _(quote adverb)_ - defines end marker for the following heredoc, :heredoc is equal to :to
^^ I
* *if* _(block modifier)_ - flow control conditional statement or block modifier, executes code only when a condition expression evaluates to true
* *index* - finds the first occurrence of a substring from a position in a string
* *Inf* - infinity, to generate infinite lazy lists
* *infix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that are surrounded by whitespace (\w) between 2 vars or statements _($a + $b)_
* *inline* _(sub trait)_ -
* *int* - extract a whole number value, discarding fractional part
* *invert* _(hash method)_ - inverts the key => value relation of pairs and hashes
* *is* - bind a traits to a variable
* _Iteration_ - flow control, repeatedly executing a block
^^ J
* *join* _(array method & op)_ - concatenates list elements into a string, optionally inserting another string between the elements
^^ K
* *key* _(pair method)_ - gives the key part of a pair
* *keys* _(hash method)_ - returns list of hash keys
* *kv* _(hash method)_ - returns list of key-value pairs
^^ L
* *last* _(flow control)_ - end the current looping block
* *last* _(array method)_ - number of final element
* *lc* _(scalar string op & method)_ - make string lowercase
* *lcfirst* _(scalar string op & method)_ - make first char of a string lowercase
* *le* _(comparison op)_ - lower than or equal, string comparison
* *leave* _(flow control)_ - exit the current block
* *leg* _(comparison op)_ - lower/equal/greater comparator for text
* *let* - changes value of a variable temporary, it will be set back if the current block exits unsuccessfully
* *lines* _(handle method)_ - returns an iterator over all lines of that input stream, for lazy retrieval
* *loop* _(block modifier)_ - general flow control command for repetition
* *looser* _(sub trait)_ - defines relative precedence of an operator as lesser than another (given as Parameter)
* *lt* _(string comparison op)_ - lower than, string comparison
^^ M
* *macro* - define a routine to alter source code at compile time
* *map* - take a list, perform a block on each member, return a list of the results Arraymethode
* *match* - compare a string to a regex/token/rule, alias to smartmatch operator (~~)
* *max* _(list op)_ - returns the numerically largest value from a given list
* *maybe* _(block modifier)_ -
* *method* - defines a method in a class
* _Method_ - object oriented function or subroutine in a class
* *min* - returns the numerically smallest value from a given list
* *minmax* - returns the highest and lowest values from a list, as a 2 item list
* *mod* - generic modulo operator
* *module* _(block modifier)_ - introduces a module name, a package that performs special actions on loading
* *multi* - sub and method overloading modifier to allow multimethod dispatch
* *my* - makes a variable or routine lexical, therefore exists and is valid only in the current scope (usually a block)
^^ N
* *new* - creates a new object of a class, also name of the automatically called constructor method
* *next* - looping command to go to the start of the following iteration
* *none* - return true when a value is not part of a set, junctive NOT operator
* *not* - logical NOT operator, negates truth value, alternative to `!` with lower precedence
^^ O
* _Object Oriented Programming_ - programming paradigm (style), that arranges data and functions that belong together into so called objects
* *of* _(sub trait)_ - defines return type
* *one* - junctive XOR operator
* *only* - subroutine modifier, permits only a routine of the same name
* *or* - logical or operator
* *orelse* - logical OR short circuit operator, transferring an Error code from first to second block/command, if first do not succeed
* *our* - makes a variable or subroutine name visible in all the current package
^^ P
* *p5=>* _(Op)_ - hash constructor, that works like in Perl 5, generates just a list that can converted in hash context to an hash
* *package* _(block modifier)_ - defines this Block or File as namespace (almost like in Perl 5), some uses are now better to do with "module" and "class"
* *pair* - force pair context
* *pairs* _(hash method)_ - returns all contents as an array or pairs (key,value)
* _Parameter_ - value passed to a method or subroutine
* *parsed* _(sub trait)_ - this macro will be parsed once, it is hygienic, but own and later defined rules can't be applied, opposite of "reparsed"
* _Parsetree_ - hierarchical data representing the logical structure of a program
* *perl* - evaluates the following string or content of the var on which is called this method, functions with "say" like a better Data::Dumper
* *pick* _(array method)_ - select a number of random vaues
* _pointy block_ - a block that is given parameters with '->'
* *pop* _(array op & method)_ - removes and returns the last element in an array
* *postcircumfix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that stay after one statement or variable, but do surround a second (like braces in $a[2])
* *postfix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that stay after a statement or variable (like $a++)
* *prefix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that stay before a statement or variable (like ++$a)
* *print* - sends characters to an output stream without adding a newline, see 'say'
* *printf* - formats text and sends it to standard output
* *prompt* - reading a line from $*IN formerly STDIN
* _property_ - metadata set at runtime
* *proto* - predeclaration of subroutine or method
* *push* _(array op & method)_ - adds a list of values to the end of an array
^^ Q
* *Q* - generalized quoting op, understands a "list of adverbs"{link: [perl_lookup_table] quoting_ops_and_adverbs}
* *q* _(quoting op)_ - simple quoting (slashes and '), alias to '...' and Q :q /.../ and Q :single /.../
* *q* _(quoting adverb)_ - simple quoting (slashes and '), alias to '...' and q /.../, short for ":single"
* *qq* _(quoting op)_ - double quoting, "q" with interpolation of variables, alias to "..." and Q :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b /.../ and Q :qq // and Q :double //
* *qq* _(quoting adverb)_ - double quoting, "q" with interpolation of variables, alias to "...", qq /.../ and Q :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b /.../, short for ":double"
* *quasi* _(block modifier)_ - quasi quoting, the commented will be compiles and the AST will be returned as result, see also: code
* *qw* _(quoting op)_ - splits result on words (as in P5), alias to Q :q :w //
* *qx* _(quoting op)_ - execute as command and return results (as in P5), alias to Q :x //
* *quote* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace, used to define new quoting ops with a macro
* *quote_mod* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace, used to define new quoting adverbs
* *quotewords* _(quoting adverb)_ - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces) with quote protection (like in shell - '' and "" sourround words), long form of ":quotewords", used in {{< ... > and << ... >>}}
^^ R
* *R*<op> _(meta op)_ - reverse operands
* *rand* - generate a floating point random number between 0.0 and 1.0
* _Range Operator_ - written as '..' in scalar context defines set of possible values for smartmatch, in list context makes a list of successive values
* *readline* - now called 'get', reads from an input stream until the next newline
* *redo* - re-starts processing of the current loop
* _Reference_ - address of data in memory, often termed a Capture in Perl 6
* *regex* - a pattern definition without :ratchet and :sigspace, can be put in a grammar, similar to qx// in Perl 5
* _Regular Expression_ - in Perl5: pattern matching notation, either regex, token or rule in Perl6
* *reparsed* _(sub trait)_ - after parsing this macro, it will be reparsed, so that not hygienic, but its own and later defined rules can be applied, opposite of "parsed"
* *return* - ends a subroutine and defines the value given to the caller
* *returns* - sub trait describing the type of value produced by a function
* *reverse* _(array method)_ - returns all the members in the opposite order. Use "flip" to turn a string back to front and "invert" for hashes
* *rindex* - finds the last occurrence before a given position, of a substring within a string
* *role* - container for methods that can extend a class using does
* *rule* - alais for "regex :ratchet :sigspace" in a grammar, see regex, token
* _Runtime_ - time when software is being used (not compiletime), or software components necessary for that, or length of time to execute
* *rx* _(quote op)_ - regex operator, to assign a regex into a var, creates (anonymous) regex for searching a string, alias to Q :regex // and regex _(block modificator)_
^^ S
* *s* _(quote op)_ - subst operator, to assign a regex into a var, creates (anonymous) regex for replacing operations, alias to Q :subst // and subst _(block modificator)_
* *s* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of hash variables, long form of ":scalar", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* *say* - a function like print that also appends a newline (\n)
* _Scope_ - the block of code within which an identifier is usable
* *seed* - initialize a random number generator, optionally with a value
* *sigil* _(grammatical category)_ - word to name the namespace for sigils, used to redifine them or define your own with a macro
* _Signature_ - Information about the expected parameters for subroutine, in Perl6 the round parentheses after the `sub` command
* *signature* _(sub trait)_ -
* *single* _(quoting adverb)_ - simple quoting (slashes and '), alias to '...' and q /.../, long for ":q"
* _scalar_ - variable that holds a single value
* *scalar* _(quote adverb)_ - demands evaluation of scalar variables, long form of ":s", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}}
* _slice_ - part of an array
* *slurp* - reads a entire file into a string
* _slurpy Array_ - array parameter that receives all (slurps) all optional subroutine arguments
* *special_variable* _(grammatical category)_ - namespace to define and redefine special variables with a macro
* *split* - makes an array of substrings from a string and a separator
* *sprintf* - like printf but returns the string instead of outputting it
* *state* - declares variables known only in the enclosing block, that retain their values between invocations
* _String_ - series of characters, text
* *sub* _(block modifier)_ - defines a subroutine
* *submethod* _(block modifier)_ - defines methods, not inherited by subclasses
* _Subroutine_ - block of code callable by name
* *subset* - define a subtype, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 }
* *subst* _(quote op)_ - scalar method to perform substitution, alias to s///
* *substr* - the scalar substring function like in Perl 5
^^ T
* *take* - produces a return value in a gather block
* *temp* - defines variables as temporary, synonym for the Perl 5 "local"
* *term* _(grammatical category)_ - namespace of terms, used to redifine them or make a new with a macro
* *tighter* _(sub trait)_ - defines relative precedence of an operator as higher than another (given as Parameter)
* *to* _(quote adverb)_ - defines end marker for the following heredoc, :to is short for :heredoc
* *token* - kind of regex :ratchet (no backtracking), part of a grammar
* _Topicalizer_ - every keyword that sets the $_ variable, eg given, for
* *tr* _(quote op)_ - transliteration (as in Perl 5), translating some character in a string into others, alias to Q :trans ///
* _Trait_ - additional property of a variable, defined at compile time, see but
* *trans* _(quote adverb)_ - evals the quoted as transliteration aka tr ///
* *true* _(Op)_ - converts value into the boolean context, low precedence alternative to "?"
* *true* - boolean value aka Bool::True
* *trusts* - allows a class the acess to otherwised sealed namespaces
* _Twigil_ - second(ary) Sigil indicating a special property of a variable
* *twigil* _(grammatical category)_ - word to name the namespace for twigils, used to redifine them or define your own with a macro
^^ U
* *uc* - make string uppercase
* *ucfirst* - make first char of a string uppercase
* *undef* - undefined, Perl word for 'empty'
* *unless* _(block modifier)_ - flow control modifier, opposite of if, runs block if expression is false
* *until* _(block modifier)_ - opposite of while, runs block repeatedly is long as expression is false
* *unwrap* - remove an enclosing subroutine
* *use* - load a module, import definitions, check Perl version
^^ V
* *value* _(pair method)_ - gets value (second) value of a pair
* *values* _hash method_ - returns an array of just the values
^^ W
* *w* _(quoting adverb)_ - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces), no quote protection, short form of ":words", used in qw//
* *want* - produces a signature object that provides information about the context from which the current routine was called
* *Whatever* - an undefined type used as wildcard (like undef) (S12)
* *when* _(block modifier)_ - executes its code block if a 'given' value smartmatches
* *where* - defines subtypes of data, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 }
* *while* _(block modifier)_ - flow control modifier runs block repeatedly as long as en expression is true
* *words* _(quoting adverb)_ - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces), no quote protection, long form of ":w", used in qw//
* *wrap* - creates enveloping subroutine
* *ww* _(quoting adverb)_ - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces) with quote protection (like in shell - '' and "" sourround words), short form of ":quotewords", used in {{< ... > and << ... >>}}
^^ X
* *X* _(list op)_ - Cross product of two arrays, eg 1,2 X 3,4 == 1,3,1,4,2,3,2,4 ; alias of comb method
* *X*<op> _(meta op)_ - Cross product with hyper operator, eg <a b> X~ <y z> == <ay az by bz>
* *x* _(scalar string op)_ - string replicate operator to single string, eg 'ab' x 3 == 'ababab'
* *x* _(quoting adverb)_ - quoted string will be executed and replaced with its result, alias to Q :exec and qx //
* *xor* _(scalar bool op)_ - boolean exclusive or operator
* *xx* _(scalar string op)_ - string replicate operator to array, eg 'ab' xx 3 == <ab ab ab>
^^ Y
^^ Z
* *Z* _(list op)_ - alias to zip _(list op)_
* *zip* _(list op)_ - zip operator, joines 2 lists eg 1,2,3,4 Z 8,9 == 1,8,2,9
{link: A} | {link: B} | {link: C} | {link: D} | {link: E} | {link: F} | {link: G} | {link: H} | {link: I} | {link: J} | {link: K} | {link: L} | {link: M} | {link: N} | {link: O} | {link: P} | {link: Q} | {link: R} | {link: S} | {link: T} | {link: T} | {link: U} | {link: V} | {link: W} | {link: X} | {link: Y} | {link: Z}
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"Overview"[Perl Tablets] - Chapter "0:Intr"[Perl Table Intro], "1:Hist"[Perl History Table], "2:Design"[Perl Language Design Table], "3:Var"[Perl Variables Table], "4:Op"[Perl Operators Table], 5:IO, 6:{}, 7:Sub, 8:OOP, 9:Rx - Appendix *"A:Index"[Perl Table Index]*, "B:Tables"[Perl Lookup Table], "C:Best of"[Best Of Perl Table], "D:Delta"[Perl Delta Table], "E:Links"[Perl Links Table]
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