Perl 6
Perl Table Index: Revision 33
{link: A} | {link: B} | {link: C} | {link: D} | {link: E} | {link: F} | {link: G} | {link: H} | {link: I} | {link: J} | {link: K} | {link: L} | {link: M} | {link: N} | {link: O} | {link: P} | {link: Q} | {link: R} | {link: S} | {link: T} | {link: U} | {link: V} | {link: W} | {link: X} | {link: Y} | {link: Z}
This Index contains short explanations for all Operators, Methods, Builtins and some technical Terms.
* *!* - logic negation, forces binary context;
* *!* - secondary Sigil of privat class variables
* *!!* - second Part of the des ternary operator
* *!!!* - yadda Operator
* *!* - synonym for ">="
* *!=* - weird synonym for ">"
* *!=* - compare op, true if numeric unequal, short for "!=="
* *!=:=* - compare op, pr�ft negiert auf Binding
* *!==* - compare op, pr�ft Ungleichheit im numerischen Kontext, negated form
* *!===* - compare op, pr�ft Identit�t, negierte Form
* *!>* - synonym for "<="
* *!>=* - synonym for "<"
* *!~~* - negated smartmatch operator
* *!eq* - synonym for "ne"
* *!eqv* - negierte Form, der dynamischen Eqvivalenz
* *!ge* - synonym for "lt"
* *!gt* - synonym for "le"
* *!le* - synonym for "gt"
* *!lt* - synonym for "ge"
* *#* - leitet Kommentar ein der bis zum Ende der Zeile geht
* *$* - Sigil der Skalare; dereferenziert
* *%* - gibt Rest einer Modulo-Division, erzingt numerischen Kontext; Sigil der Hashes
* *&* - junctives and, verlangt das alle Bedingungen erf�llt sind; liefert subref
* *&&* - logisches and, verkn�pft Aussagen, beendet Auswertung bei erstem Ausdruck mit unwahrem, leerem Ergebnis und liefert es zur�ck
* *()* - Gruppierung von Werten (Parametern)
* * - multipliziert Zahlen und erzwingt numerischen Kontext; kennzeichnet slurpy Arrays in Signaturen; sekund�re Sigil globaler Variablen; synonym for Inf in Verbindung mit einem Bereichsoperator (".."); kennzeichnet Ende eines Arrays im Sliceopertor um auf Indizes relativ vom Ende des Arrays zuzugreifen
* ** - potenziert Zahlen und erzwingt numerischen Kontext
* *+* - forces numeric context of operands and adds results
* *+&* - bitweises und, numerisc context
* *++* - autoincrement
* *+<* - shift left, numeric context
* *+>* - shift right, numerischer context
* *+^* - bitwise xor, numeric context
* *+|* - bitwise or, numeric context
* *,* - list generating operator
* - - forces numeric context and subtract
* *--* - autodecrement
* *-->* - alternativer Syntax um Parameter zu typisieren
* -> weist Block benannte Parameter zu (pointy block)
* *.* - sekundary sigil for public accessors (getter/setter)
* *..* - range generating operator; range object in scalar context, see smartmatch table
* *...* - yadda Operator
* */* - Division, numerischer Kontext
* *//* - err Operator, liefert ersten definierten Wert
* *:* - konvertiert Dezimalzahl auf andere Basis; pair generation operator
* *::* - Namespacetrenner wie in Perl5
* *::=* - Binding zur Compiletime
* *:=* - erzeugt Alias auf Variable (Binding)
* *;* - trennt Befehle (Ausdr�cke) oder Arrayindizes wie z.B. @a[2;3] statt @a[2]3
* *<* kleiner als, numerischer Vergleichsoperator
* *<>* double pointy Syntax um einem Block `rw` Parameter zuzuweisen*
* *<<* - wendet den Operator links als Hyperoperator auf den Array rechts an
* *<==* - linker feed-Operator im append-mode
* *>* - circumfixer Operator zum gruppieren mit autoquoting (vormals qw()), jedoch interpolierend wie ""
* *<=* - kleiner gleich, numerischer Vergleichsoperator
* *<==* - nach links zuweisender feed-Operator
* *<=>* - numerischer Vergleichsoperator, benutzt Order Klasse
* *< >* circumfixer Operator zum gruppieren mit autoquoting (vormals qw())
* *=* - assignment
* *=:=* - compares binding
* *==* - equality of value (numeric)
* *===* - equality of value and type
* *==>* - rightward pointing feed operator
* *==>>* - feed operator, that adds values to an existing list (append-mode)
* *>* - greater than, numeric comparison operator; ends grouping with autoquoting (formerly qw())
* *>=* - greater than or equal, numeric comparison Op
* *>>* - binds operator (right) as hyper operator to an array (left)
* *?* - forces binary context in an expression
* *?* - marks optional parameters in signatures
* *?* - quantifier for 0 or 1 occurrence in Regexes
* *?* - secondary sigil for constant compiler hint variables
* *?&* - logical op, and combinator, forces binary context
* *?? !!* - ternary operator
* *???* - yadda operator
* *?^* - logical xor, forces operands into boolean context
* *?|* - logical or, forces operands into boolean context
* *@* - sigil of an array
* *@@* - sigil for multislice context, meaning an array that may contain array references
* *[]* - postcircumfix operator that creates an array reference, when it encloses a list; after an array name takes a list of subscripts and returns a partial array (slice) consisting of the subscripted values
* *[]* - reduction metaop, close to functional "reduce"
* *\* - capture operator, creates a reference to the following structure
* *^* - junctive xor, requires that one value in a list is true, in ranges excludes the end value. in scalar context see smartmatch, in array context see array creating operators; twigil for automatically named parameters of a block
* *^^* - logical xor, combines expressions, returns true when only one expression is true, otherwise false
* *{ }* - circumfix operator: encloses blocks and creates a coderef, or a hashref when it is identified as a hash or contains a '=>'
* *|* - dereferences a Capture; junctive or, requires that a condition is fulfilled
* *||* - logical or, evaluates sequentially, ends evaluation at the first expression that returns true
* *~* - make string context (stringify) or concatenate strings, synonym for cat
* *~&* - characterwise and, forces string context
* *~*< - characterwise left shift, forces string context
* *~>* - characterwise right shift, forces string context
* *~^* - characterwise xor, forces string context
* *~|* - characterwise or, forces string context
* *~~* - smartmatch operator, compares (almost) all data types
^^ A
* *abs* - returns numeric absolute value
* *after* - comparison operator used by the Order class, true if left should follow right
* *all* - junctive AND operator
* *and* - logical AND operator
* *andelse* - logical AND short circuit operator returning an Error code
* *any* - junctive OR operator
* _Array_ - in Perl a series of scalar values, or a variable that stores such a list
* *as* - scalar method, converts like sprintf
* *assuming* - method of all subroutine reference objects that enables Currying
^^ B
* *before* - comparison operator used by the Order class, true when left should precede right
* _Binding_ - making two variables share the same contents
* _Block_ - statements enclosed by curly braces
* *but* - alters properties of a variable at run time
* *BUILD* -
* *BUILDALL* -
* *by* - sets interval for the range (..) operator
* *bytes* - scalar method returns number of bytes used
^^ C
* *cached* - sub trait
* *call* - execute a subroutine
* *caller* - object describing the code from which as routine was invoked
* *callwith* - submethode by which one can call a sub with a different signature
* _capture_ - object that can contain one or more variables as they may occur in a Signature
* *cat* - concatenes strings, synonym for '~' and array method
* *chars* - scalar method returns number of characters
* *chdir* -
* *chmod* -
* *chomp* - scalar method returns a string with the last newline (if there is one) removed
* *chop* - scalar method returns a string with the last character removed
* *chown* -
* *class* - declares a collection of methods that define an object
* *close* - methode on Filehandle class, ending the connection with a file
* _closure_ - routines whose state (content of all local variables) is completely preserved until the next execution
* *cmp* - compares values textually, using the Order class
* _Coderef_ - reference (pointer) to an executable block of code (routine)
* _compile time_ - the process when Perl converts source code to executable form
* _Context_ - when executing a function or operator Perl considers the expression from which the call was to return a scalar or other kind of result
* _Context variable_ - $_ is used by built in Perl functions as an implicit parameter
* *continue* - makes execution in a 'given' also try the following 'when' clauses
* *CREATE* -
* _Currying_ -
^^ D
* *default* - the clause executed in a given construct if no when clause matched
* _Deklarative Programmierung_ -
* *defined* - scalar method tests whether a value has been assigned to a variable
* *delete* - removes a key and value from a hash
* _Design by Contract_ - programming style in which parameters and return values from routines must meet conditions; A signature is considered contract in Perl 6
* *DESTROY* -
* *DESTROYALL* -
* *dim* - array dimensioning
* *div* - division, creates fraction objects in Integer context
* *do* - executes a block (do once loop)
* *does* - pr�ft ein Objekt ob es diese role vollf�hrt
^^ E
* *elems* - array method returns number of elements
* *else* - introduces the alternative block after an 'if' or 'elsif'
* *elsif* - alternative if clause
* *eq* - equal, string comparison
* *equiv* - sub trait defines the relative precedence of an operator
* *eqv* - compares the dynamic state of objects and values, in contrast with static ===
* *err* - logical operator returns the first defined value from the left
* _Exception_ - errors or abnormal events interfering with normal execution, which Perl 6 can both generate and handle
* *exists* - checks for existence of a variable or hash member, scalar method
^^ F
* *Failure* - data type for an error thrown by an unhandled exception
* *ff* - flip flop operator in the style of awk, formerly .. in scalar context
* *fff* - flip flop operator in the style of sed, formerly ... in scalar context
* *fmt* - method on a scalar, takes a format specifier returns a string, simplified sprintf
* *for* - block modifier iterates over a list
* _Functional Programming_ - exclusively function based programming style
^^ G
* *gather* - performs the following block once, returns a list of all values passed by 'take'
* *ge* - greater than on equal, string comparison
* *given* - case construct puts a value into the context variable for when clauses
* *goto* - flow control, transfer execution to a defined label
* *grammar* - special kind of class to hold regex token and rule definitions
* *group*
* *gt* - greater than or equal, string comparison
^^ H
* *has* - creates an attribute for an object
* *handles* - delegates execution of a function to another method
* *hash* - sets hash-list context
* _Hash_ - two column table, values in one column are keys to refer to the values in the other column
^^ I
* *if* - flow control conditional statement or block modifier, executes code only when a condition expression evaluates to true
* *index* - finds the first occurrence of a substring from a position in a string
* *Inf* - infinity, to generate infinite lazy lists
* *inline* - sub trait
* *int* - extract a whole number value, discarding fractional part
* *is* - bind a traits to a variable
* _Iteration_ - flow control, repeatedly executing a block
^^ J
* *join* - concatenates list elements into a string, optionally inserting another string between the elements
^^ K
* *:key* - means the key part of a pair
* *keys* - hash method returns list of hash keys
* *kv* - hash method returns list of key-value pairs
^^ L
* *last* - flow control, end the current looping block
* *last* - number of final element, array method
* *le* - lower than or equal, string comparison
* *leave* - flow control, exit the current block
* *leg* - lower/equal/greater comparator for text
* *let* -
* *loop* - general flow control command for repetition
* *looser* - sub trait, defines relative precedence of an operator
* *lt* - lower than, string comparison
^^ M
* *macro* - define a routine to alter source code at compile time
* *map* - take a list, perform a block on each member, return a list of the results Arraymethode
* *match* - compare a string to a regex/token/rule
* *max* - returns the numerically largest value from a given list
* *method* - defines a method in a class
* _Method_ - object oriented function or subroutine in a class
* *min* - returns the numerically smallest value from a given list
* *minmax* - returns the highest and lowest values from a list, as a 2 item list
* *mod* - generic modulo operator
* *module* - introduces a module name, a package that performs special actions on loading
* *multi* - sub and method overloading modifier to allow multimethod dispatch
* *my* - makes a variable or routine lexical, therefore exists and is valid only in the current scope (usually a block)
^^ N
* *new* - creates a new object of a class, also name of the automatically called constructor method
* *next* - looping command to go to the start of the following iteration
* *none* - return true when a value is not part of a set, junctive NOT operator
* *not* - logical NOT operator, negates truth value, alternative to `!` with lower precedence
^^ O
* _Object Oriented Programming_ -
* *of* - sub trait, defines return type
* *one* - junctive XOR operator
* *only* - subroutine modifier, permits only a routine of the same name
* *or* - logical or operator
* *orelse* - logical or short circuit operator
* *our* - makes a variable or subroutine name visible in all the current package
^^ P
* *package* - Perl 5 namespace definition, becomes module and class in Perl 6
* *pair* - set pair context
* *pairs* hash method returns all contents as an array or pairs (key,value)
* _Parameter_ - value passed to a method or subroutine
* *parsed* - sub trait
* _Parsetree_ - hierarchical data representing the logical structure of a program
* _pointy block_ - a block that is given parameters with '->'
* *pop* - removes and returns the last element in an array
* *print* - sends characters to an output stream without adding a newline, see 'say'
* *printf* - formats text and sends it to standard output
* _property_ - metadata set at runtime
* *proto* - predeclaration of subroutine or method
* *push* - adds a list of values to the end of an array
^^ Q
^^ R
* *R* - (Meta Op) reverse operands
* *rand* - generate a floating point random number between 0.0 and 1.0
* _Range Operator_ - written as '..' in scalar context defines set of possible values for smartmatch, in list context makes a list of successive values
* *readline* - now called 'get', reads from an input stream until the next newline
* *redo* - re-starts processing of the current loop
* _Reference_ - address of data in memory, often termed a Capture in Perl 6
* *regex* - a pattern definition without :ratchet and :sigspace, can be put in a grammar, similar to qx// in Perl 5
* _Regular Expression_ - in Perl5: pattern matching notation, either regex, token or rule in Perl6
* *reparsed* - sub trait
* *return* - ends a subroutine and defines the value given to the caller
* *returns* - sub trait describing the type of value produced by a function
* *reverse* - array method returns all the members in the opposite order. Use 'flip' to turn a string back to front
* *rindex* - finds the last occurrence before a given position, of a substring within a string
* *role* - container for methods that can extend a class using does
* *rule* - regex :ratchet :sigspace in a grammar, see regex, token
* _Runtime_ - time when software is being used (not compiletime), or software components necessary for that, or length of time to execute
^^ S
* *say* - a function like print that also appends a newline (\n)
* _Scope_ - the block of code within which an identifier is usable
* *:seed* - initialize a random number generator, optionally with a value
* _Signatur_e - Information about the expected parameters for subroutine, in Perl6 the round parentheses after the `sub` command
* *signature* - sub trait
* _scalar_ - variable that holds a single value
* _slice_ - part of an array
* *slurp* - reads a entire file into a string
* _slurpy Array_ - array parameter that receives all (slurps) all optional subroutine arguments
* *split* - makes an array of substrings from a string and a separator
* *sprintf* - like printf but returns the string instead of outputting it
* *state* - declares variables known only in the enclosing block, that retain their values between invocations
* _String_ - series of characters, text
* *sub* - defines a subroutine, block modifier
* *submethod* - method not inherited by subclasses
* _Subroutine_ - block of code callable by name
* *subset* - define a subtype, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 }
* *substr* - the substring function
^^ T
* *take* - produces a return value in a gather block
* *temp* - defines variables as temporary, synonym for the Perl 5 local
* *tighter* - sub trait, that indicates relative order of operator precedence
* *token* - kind of regex :ratchet (no backtracking), part of a grammar
* _Topicalizer_ - every keyword that sets the $_ variable, eg given, for
* _Trait_ - additional property of a variable, defined at compile time, see but
* *true* - boolean value
* _Twigil_ - second(ary) Sigil indicating a special property of a variable
^^ U
* *undef* - undefined, Perl word for 'empty'
* *unless* - flow control modifier, opposite of if, runs block if expression is false
* *until* - block modifier, opposite of while, runs block repeatedly is long as expression is false
* *unwrap* - remove an enclosing subroutine
* *use* - load a module, import definitions, check Perl version
^^ V
* *values* - hash method returns an array of just the values
^^ W
* *want* - produces a signature object that provides information about the context from which the current routine was called
* *Whatever* - an undefined type used as wildcard (like undef) [S12]
* *when* - executes its code block if a 'given' value smartmatches
* *where* - defines subtypes of data, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 }
* *while* - flow control modifier runs block repeatedly as long as en expression is true
* *wrap* - creates enveloping subroutine
^^ X
* *x* - string replicate operator to single string, eg 'ab' x 3 == 'ababab'
* *X* - Cross product of two arrays, eg 1,2 X 3,4 == 1,3,1,4,2,3,2,4
* *X*<op> - Cross product with hyper operator, eg <a b> X~ <y z> == <ay az by bz>
* *xor* - boolean exclusive or operator
* *xx* - string replicate operator to array, eg 'ab' xx 3 == <ab ab ab>
^^ Y
^^ Z
* *Z* - zip operator, eg 1,2,3,4 Z 8,9 == 1,8,2,9
{link: A} | {link: B} | {link: C} | {link: D} | {link: E} | {link: F} | {link: G} | {link: H} | {link: I} | {link: J} | {link: K} | {link: L} | {link: M} | {link: N} | {link: O} | {link: P} | {link: Q} | {link: R} | {link: S} | {link: T} | {link: T} | {link: U} | {link: V} | {link: W} | {link: X} | {link: Y} | {link: Z}
This Index contains short explanations for all Operators, Methods, Builtins and some technical Terms.
* *!* - logic negation, forces binary context;
* *!* - secondary Sigil of privat class variables
* *!!* - second Part of the des ternary operator
* *!!!* - yadda Operator
* *!* - synonym for ">="
* *!=* - weird synonym for ">"
* *!=* - compare op, true if numeric unequal, short for "!=="
* *!=:=* - compare op, pr�ft negiert auf Binding
* *!==* - compare op, pr�ft Ungleichheit im numerischen Kontext, negated form
* *!===* - compare op, pr�ft Identit�t, negierte Form
* *!>* - synonym for "<="
* *!>=* - synonym for "<"
* *!~~* - negated smartmatch operator
* *!eq* - synonym for "ne"
* *!eqv* - negierte Form, der dynamischen Eqvivalenz
* *!ge* - synonym for "lt"
* *!gt* - synonym for "le"
* *!le* - synonym for "gt"
* *!lt* - synonym for "ge"
* *#* - leitet Kommentar ein der bis zum Ende der Zeile geht
* *$* - Sigil der Skalare; dereferenziert
* *%* - gibt Rest einer Modulo-Division, erzingt numerischen Kontext; Sigil der Hashes
* *&* - junctives and, verlangt das alle Bedingungen erf�llt sind; liefert subref
* *&&* - logisches and, verkn�pft Aussagen, beendet Auswertung bei erstem Ausdruck mit unwahrem, leerem Ergebnis und liefert es zur�ck
* *()* - Gruppierung von Werten (Parametern)
* * - multipliziert Zahlen und erzwingt numerischen Kontext; kennzeichnet slurpy Arrays in Signaturen; sekund�re Sigil globaler Variablen; synonym for Inf in Verbindung mit einem Bereichsoperator (".."); kennzeichnet Ende eines Arrays im Sliceopertor um auf Indizes relativ vom Ende des Arrays zuzugreifen
* ** - potenziert Zahlen und erzwingt numerischen Kontext
* *+* - forces numeric context of operands and adds results
* *+&* - bitweises und, numerisc context
* *++* - autoincrement
* *+<* - shift left, numeric context
* *+>* - shift right, numerischer context
* *+^* - bitwise xor, numeric context
* *+|* - bitwise or, numeric context
* *,* - list generating operator
* - - forces numeric context and subtract
* *--* - autodecrement
* *-->* - alternativer Syntax um Parameter zu typisieren
* -> weist Block benannte Parameter zu (pointy block)
* *.* - sekundary sigil for public accessors (getter/setter)
* *..* - range generating operator; range object in scalar context, see smartmatch table
* *...* - yadda Operator
* */* - Division, numerischer Kontext
* *//* - err Operator, liefert ersten definierten Wert
* *:* - konvertiert Dezimalzahl auf andere Basis; pair generation operator
* *::* - Namespacetrenner wie in Perl5
* *::=* - Binding zur Compiletime
* *:=* - erzeugt Alias auf Variable (Binding)
* *;* - trennt Befehle (Ausdr�cke) oder Arrayindizes wie z.B. @a[2;3] statt @a[2]3
* *<* kleiner als, numerischer Vergleichsoperator
* *<>* double pointy Syntax um einem Block `rw` Parameter zuzuweisen*
* *<<* - wendet den Operator links als Hyperoperator auf den Array rechts an
* *<==* - linker feed-Operator im append-mode
* *>* - circumfixer Operator zum gruppieren mit autoquoting (vormals qw()), jedoch interpolierend wie ""
* *<=* - kleiner gleich, numerischer Vergleichsoperator
* *<==* - nach links zuweisender feed-Operator
* *<=>* - numerischer Vergleichsoperator, benutzt Order Klasse
* *< >* circumfixer Operator zum gruppieren mit autoquoting (vormals qw())
* *=* - assignment
* *=:=* - compares binding
* *==* - equality of value (numeric)
* *===* - equality of value and type
* *==>* - rightward pointing feed operator
* *==>>* - feed operator, that adds values to an existing list (append-mode)
* *>* - greater than, numeric comparison operator; ends grouping with autoquoting (formerly qw())
* *>=* - greater than or equal, numeric comparison Op
* *>>* - binds operator (right) as hyper operator to an array (left)
* *?* - forces binary context in an expression
* *?* - marks optional parameters in signatures
* *?* - quantifier for 0 or 1 occurrence in Regexes
* *?* - secondary sigil for constant compiler hint variables
* *?&* - logical op, and combinator, forces binary context
* *?? !!* - ternary operator
* *???* - yadda operator
* *?^* - logical xor, forces operands into boolean context
* *?|* - logical or, forces operands into boolean context
* *@* - sigil of an array
* *@@* - sigil for multislice context, meaning an array that may contain array references
* *[]* - postcircumfix operator that creates an array reference, when it encloses a list; after an array name takes a list of subscripts and returns a partial array (slice) consisting of the subscripted values
* *[]* - reduction metaop, close to functional "reduce"
* *\* - capture operator, creates a reference to the following structure
* *^* - junctive xor, requires that one value in a list is true, in ranges excludes the end value. in scalar context see smartmatch, in array context see array creating operators; twigil for automatically named parameters of a block
* *^^* - logical xor, combines expressions, returns true when only one expression is true, otherwise false
* *{ }* - circumfix operator: encloses blocks and creates a coderef, or a hashref when it is identified as a hash or contains a '=>'
* *|* - dereferences a Capture; junctive or, requires that a condition is fulfilled
* *||* - logical or, evaluates sequentially, ends evaluation at the first expression that returns true
* *~* - make string context (stringify) or concatenate strings, synonym for cat
* *~&* - characterwise and, forces string context
* *~*< - characterwise left shift, forces string context
* *~>* - characterwise right shift, forces string context
* *~^* - characterwise xor, forces string context
* *~|* - characterwise or, forces string context
* *~~* - smartmatch operator, compares (almost) all data types
^^ A
* *abs* - returns numeric absolute value
* *after* - comparison operator used by the Order class, true if left should follow right
* *all* - junctive AND operator
* *and* - logical AND operator
* *andelse* - logical AND short circuit operator returning an Error code
* *any* - junctive OR operator
* _Array_ - in Perl a series of scalar values, or a variable that stores such a list
* *as* - scalar method, converts like sprintf
* *assuming* - method of all subroutine reference objects that enables Currying
^^ B
* *before* - comparison operator used by the Order class, true when left should precede right
* _Binding_ - making two variables share the same contents
* _Block_ - statements enclosed by curly braces
* *but* - alters properties of a variable at run time
* *BUILD* -
* *BUILDALL* -
* *by* - sets interval for the range (..) operator
* *bytes* - scalar method returns number of bytes used
^^ C
* *cached* - sub trait
* *call* - execute a subroutine
* *caller* - object describing the code from which as routine was invoked
* *callwith* - submethode by which one can call a sub with a different signature
* _capture_ - object that can contain one or more variables as they may occur in a Signature
* *cat* - concatenes strings, synonym for '~' and array method
* *chars* - scalar method returns number of characters
* *chdir* -
* *chmod* -
* *chomp* - scalar method returns a string with the last newline (if there is one) removed
* *chop* - scalar method returns a string with the last character removed
* *chown* -
* *class* - declares a collection of methods that define an object
* *close* - methode on Filehandle class, ending the connection with a file
* _closure_ - routines whose state (content of all local variables) is completely preserved until the next execution
* *cmp* - compares values textually, using the Order class
* _Coderef_ - reference (pointer) to an executable block of code (routine)
* _compile time_ - the process when Perl converts source code to executable form
* _Context_ - when executing a function or operator Perl considers the expression from which the call was to return a scalar or other kind of result
* _Context variable_ - $_ is used by built in Perl functions as an implicit parameter
* *continue* - makes execution in a 'given' also try the following 'when' clauses
* *CREATE* -
* _Currying_ -
^^ D
* *default* - the clause executed in a given construct if no when clause matched
* _Deklarative Programmierung_ -
* *defined* - scalar method tests whether a value has been assigned to a variable
* *delete* - removes a key and value from a hash
* _Design by Contract_ - programming style in which parameters and return values from routines must meet conditions; A signature is considered contract in Perl 6
* *DESTROY* -
* *DESTROYALL* -
* *dim* - array dimensioning
* *div* - division, creates fraction objects in Integer context
* *do* - executes a block (do once loop)
* *does* - pr�ft ein Objekt ob es diese role vollf�hrt
^^ E
* *elems* - array method returns number of elements
* *else* - introduces the alternative block after an 'if' or 'elsif'
* *elsif* - alternative if clause
* *eq* - equal, string comparison
* *equiv* - sub trait defines the relative precedence of an operator
* *eqv* - compares the dynamic state of objects and values, in contrast with static ===
* *err* - logical operator returns the first defined value from the left
* _Exception_ - errors or abnormal events interfering with normal execution, which Perl 6 can both generate and handle
* *exists* - checks for existence of a variable or hash member, scalar method
^^ F
* *Failure* - data type for an error thrown by an unhandled exception
* *ff* - flip flop operator in the style of awk, formerly .. in scalar context
* *fff* - flip flop operator in the style of sed, formerly ... in scalar context
* *fmt* - method on a scalar, takes a format specifier returns a string, simplified sprintf
* *for* - block modifier iterates over a list
* _Functional Programming_ - exclusively function based programming style
^^ G
* *gather* - performs the following block once, returns a list of all values passed by 'take'
* *ge* - greater than on equal, string comparison
* *given* - case construct puts a value into the context variable for when clauses
* *goto* - flow control, transfer execution to a defined label
* *grammar* - special kind of class to hold regex token and rule definitions
* *group*
* *gt* - greater than or equal, string comparison
^^ H
* *has* - creates an attribute for an object
* *handles* - delegates execution of a function to another method
* *hash* - sets hash-list context
* _Hash_ - two column table, values in one column are keys to refer to the values in the other column
^^ I
* *if* - flow control conditional statement or block modifier, executes code only when a condition expression evaluates to true
* *index* - finds the first occurrence of a substring from a position in a string
* *Inf* - infinity, to generate infinite lazy lists
* *inline* - sub trait
* *int* - extract a whole number value, discarding fractional part
* *is* - bind a traits to a variable
* _Iteration_ - flow control, repeatedly executing a block
^^ J
* *join* - concatenates list elements into a string, optionally inserting another string between the elements
^^ K
* *:key* - means the key part of a pair
* *keys* - hash method returns list of hash keys
* *kv* - hash method returns list of key-value pairs
^^ L
* *last* - flow control, end the current looping block
* *last* - number of final element, array method
* *le* - lower than or equal, string comparison
* *leave* - flow control, exit the current block
* *leg* - lower/equal/greater comparator for text
* *let* -
* *loop* - general flow control command for repetition
* *looser* - sub trait, defines relative precedence of an operator
* *lt* - lower than, string comparison
^^ M
* *macro* - define a routine to alter source code at compile time
* *map* - take a list, perform a block on each member, return a list of the results Arraymethode
* *match* - compare a string to a regex/token/rule
* *max* - returns the numerically largest value from a given list
* *method* - defines a method in a class
* _Method_ - object oriented function or subroutine in a class
* *min* - returns the numerically smallest value from a given list
* *minmax* - returns the highest and lowest values from a list, as a 2 item list
* *mod* - generic modulo operator
* *module* - introduces a module name, a package that performs special actions on loading
* *multi* - sub and method overloading modifier to allow multimethod dispatch
* *my* - makes a variable or routine lexical, therefore exists and is valid only in the current scope (usually a block)
^^ N
* *new* - creates a new object of a class, also name of the automatically called constructor method
* *next* - looping command to go to the start of the following iteration
* *none* - return true when a value is not part of a set, junctive NOT operator
* *not* - logical NOT operator, negates truth value, alternative to `!` with lower precedence
^^ O
* _Object Oriented Programming_ -
* *of* - sub trait, defines return type
* *one* - junctive XOR operator
* *only* - subroutine modifier, permits only a routine of the same name
* *or* - logical or operator
* *orelse* - logical or short circuit operator
* *our* - makes a variable or subroutine name visible in all the current package
^^ P
* *package* - Perl 5 namespace definition, becomes module and class in Perl 6
* *pair* - set pair context
* *pairs* hash method returns all contents as an array or pairs (key,value)
* _Parameter_ - value passed to a method or subroutine
* *parsed* - sub trait
* _Parsetree_ - hierarchical data representing the logical structure of a program
* _pointy block_ - a block that is given parameters with '->'
* *pop* - removes and returns the last element in an array
* *print* - sends characters to an output stream without adding a newline, see 'say'
* *printf* - formats text and sends it to standard output
* _property_ - metadata set at runtime
* *proto* - predeclaration of subroutine or method
* *push* - adds a list of values to the end of an array
^^ Q
^^ R
* *R* - (Meta Op) reverse operands
* *rand* - generate a floating point random number between 0.0 and 1.0
* _Range Operator_ - written as '..' in scalar context defines set of possible values for smartmatch, in list context makes a list of successive values
* *readline* - now called 'get', reads from an input stream until the next newline
* *redo* - re-starts processing of the current loop
* _Reference_ - address of data in memory, often termed a Capture in Perl 6
* *regex* - a pattern definition without :ratchet and :sigspace, can be put in a grammar, similar to qx// in Perl 5
* _Regular Expression_ - in Perl5: pattern matching notation, either regex, token or rule in Perl6
* *reparsed* - sub trait
* *return* - ends a subroutine and defines the value given to the caller
* *returns* - sub trait describing the type of value produced by a function
* *reverse* - array method returns all the members in the opposite order. Use 'flip' to turn a string back to front
* *rindex* - finds the last occurrence before a given position, of a substring within a string
* *role* - container for methods that can extend a class using does
* *rule* - regex :ratchet :sigspace in a grammar, see regex, token
* _Runtime_ - time when software is being used (not compiletime), or software components necessary for that, or length of time to execute
^^ S
* *say* - a function like print that also appends a newline (\n)
* _Scope_ - the block of code within which an identifier is usable
* *:seed* - initialize a random number generator, optionally with a value
* _Signatur_e - Information about the expected parameters for subroutine, in Perl6 the round parentheses after the `sub` command
* *signature* - sub trait
* _scalar_ - variable that holds a single value
* _slice_ - part of an array
* *slurp* - reads a entire file into a string
* _slurpy Array_ - array parameter that receives all (slurps) all optional subroutine arguments
* *split* - makes an array of substrings from a string and a separator
* *sprintf* - like printf but returns the string instead of outputting it
* *state* - declares variables known only in the enclosing block, that retain their values between invocations
* _String_ - series of characters, text
* *sub* - defines a subroutine, block modifier
* *submethod* - method not inherited by subclasses
* _Subroutine_ - block of code callable by name
* *subset* - define a subtype, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 }
* *substr* - the substring function
^^ T
* *take* - produces a return value in a gather block
* *temp* - defines variables as temporary, synonym for the Perl 5 local
* *tighter* - sub trait, that indicates relative order of operator precedence
* *token* - kind of regex :ratchet (no backtracking), part of a grammar
* _Topicalizer_ - every keyword that sets the $_ variable, eg given, for
* _Trait_ - additional property of a variable, defined at compile time, see but
* *true* - boolean value
* _Twigil_ - second(ary) Sigil indicating a special property of a variable
^^ U
* *undef* - undefined, Perl word for 'empty'
* *unless* - flow control modifier, opposite of if, runs block if expression is false
* *until* - block modifier, opposite of while, runs block repeatedly is long as expression is false
* *unwrap* - remove an enclosing subroutine
* *use* - load a module, import definitions, check Perl version
^^ V
* *values* - hash method returns an array of just the values
^^ W
* *want* - produces a signature object that provides information about the context from which the current routine was called
* *Whatever* - an undefined type used as wildcard (like undef) [S12]
* *when* - executes its code block if a 'given' value smartmatches
* *where* - defines subtypes of data, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 }
* *while* - flow control modifier runs block repeatedly as long as en expression is true
* *wrap* - creates enveloping subroutine
^^ X
* *x* - string replicate operator to single string, eg 'ab' x 3 == 'ababab'
* *X* - Cross product of two arrays, eg 1,2 X 3,4 == 1,3,1,4,2,3,2,4
* *X*<op> - Cross product with hyper operator, eg <a b> X~ <y z> == <ay az by bz>
* *xor* - boolean exclusive or operator
* *xx* - string replicate operator to array, eg 'ab' xx 3 == <ab ab ab>
^^ Y
^^ Z
* *Z* - zip operator, eg 1,2,3,4 Z 8,9 == 1,8,2,9
{link: A} | {link: B} | {link: C} | {link: D} | {link: E} | {link: F} | {link: G} | {link: H} | {link: I} | {link: J} | {link: K} | {link: L} | {link: M} | {link: N} | {link: O} | {link: P} | {link: Q} | {link: R} | {link: S} | {link: T} | {link: T} | {link: U} | {link: V} | {link: W} | {link: X} | {link: Y} | {link: Z}
