Overview - Chapter: 0:History, 1:Design, 2:Basics, 3:Var, 4:Op, 5:IO, 6:{}, 7:Sub, 8:OOP, 9:Rx, 10:Meta
Intro - Appendices: A:Index, B:Tables, C:Cook, D:Delta, E:Best of, F:Links
Perl folkore: Perl is an operator based language.
Perl 6 has a huge amount of operators, because they support 2 of the main design goals: they offer dense and readable code. 2 + 3 is certainly shorter and easier to understand then add(2,3), since pictograms can be picked up faster than words. (Fortran made his whole carrier on that). But because they are so many, they had to be sorted by a rule named huffman coding, which was applied here more than in any other part of the syntax.
To understand an operator you have to know his arity (how many parameters he takes - usually one (!) or two (+) ).
The precedence tells which operator to prefer in case of conflict, when no braces are used (round braces are only used for grouping and managing precedence). It allows 2 + 3 * 5 to return 17, not 25, which would upset your math teacher.
Behind that link is a table which also tells you also the associativity of every operator. This tells you after which rule to resolve precedence if one operator is used several times like in 2 * 3 * 7.
Comparison and testing in the scalar context
Smartmatch
This is most likely the mother of all Perl 6 operators and can be called the compare-this-with-that-operator". Because he allows to relate nearly everything with everything (it's much more powerful than the small version, backported into 5.10), its "behaviour is complex, even he tries to do just what you expect him to do.
~~ !~
Equality
eqv eq == ===
!= !==
Traversing Sequence
++ -- succ pred
Generic Comparsion
before after cmp
Numerical Comparsion
< == > <=> <= >=
String Comparsion
lt eq gt leg le ge
joined comparison
3 < $a == $a < 7
is not the same as
3 < $a < 7
because latter is evaled at once and the first in 2 steps (left to right)
Junctions
| & ^
Ranges
.. ^
logical selection
&& - and
|| - or
// - err
^^ - xor
see also numerical selection
ternary
?? !!
flipflop
ff fff
file test
yadda
...
???
!!!
context forcing scalar ops
bool context
? !
?& ?| ?^
numeric context
+ - * ** / % %%
+& +| +^ +< +>
mod exp sqrt sin cos tan log log10
numerical selection
min max minmax
String context
~ x
~& ~| ~^ ~< ~>
Ops for arrays/lists
List generation
The simplest way to create a list is by repeating some values:
'munch' xx 3 # results in 'munch', 'munch', 'munch'
('hallo', 'echo') xx 2 --> 'hallo', 'echo', 'hallo', 'echo'
In list context the range operator produces lists:
@ 2 .. 7 --> 2,3,4,5,6,7
Sequence Operator
...
Zip
Z
Combinators
X
Hyperops
<< >>
Reduce
[ ]
Triangle
[\ ]
Feed Ops
<== ==>
Assignment ops
self assigning ops
precedence table
intentionally not existing ops
making own operators
Overview - Chapter: 0:History, 1:Design, 2:Basics, 3:Var, 4:Op, 5:IO, 6:{}, 7:Sub, 8:OOP, 9:Rx, 10:Meta
Intro - Appendices: A:Index, B:Tables, C:Cook, D:Delta, E:Best of, F:Links
