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Perl 6
Perl 6 Index Tablet: Revision 125
"Overview"[Perl 6 Tablets] - _Chapter:_ "0:Intr"[Perl 6 Intro Tablet], "1:Hist"[Perl 6 History Tablet], "2:Design"[Perl 6 Language Design Tablet], "3:Var"[Perl 6 Variable Tablet], "4:Op"[Perl 6 Operator Tablet], "5:IO"[Perl 6 IO Tablet], "6:{}"[Perl 6 Block Tablet], "7:Sub"[Perl 6 Subroutine Tablet], "8:OOP"[Perl 6 OOP Tablet], "9:Rx"[Perl 6 Regex Tablet] - _Appendices:_ *"A:Index"[Perl 6 Index Tablet]*, "B:Tables"[Perl 6 Lookup Tablet], "C:Cook"[Perl 6 Cookbook Tablet], "D:Delta"[Perl 6 Delta Tablet], "E:Best of"[Best Of Perl 6 Tablet], "F:Links"[Perl 6 Links Tablet]
---- {link: A} | {link: B} | {link: C} | {link: D} | {link: E} | {link: F} | {link: G} | {link: H} | {link: I} | {link: J} | {link: K} | {link: L} | {link: M} | {link: N} | {link: O} | {link: P} | {link: Q} | {link: R} | {link: S} | {link: T} | {link: U} | {link: V} | {link: W} | {link: X} | {link: Y} | {link: Z} This index contains an alphanumeric sorted list of all operators, methods, builtins, options *(bold)* and some technical terms _(italic)_ with short explanations. Each bold term is followed by a link to a condensed summary of its category in appendix B. * *!* - logical negation, forces binary context; * *!* _"(twigil)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Twigils}_ - twigil of private class and object variables * *!*<op> _"(meta op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Metaoperators}_ - negates (mostly comparsion operators) * *!!* - second Part of the ternary (conditional) operator after ?? * *!!!* (yadda op) - yadda Operator that calles die * *{{""}}* _"(quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - double quoting, interpolate with :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b (all vars, functions, blocks, control chars), alias to qq//* * *#* - starts a comment that continues to the end of the line or bracket; works even inside regexes as _"(regex Metachar)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Metacharacter}_ * *$* _"(sigil)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Sigils}_ - prefix of "scalar vars"{link: [perl 6 Variable Tablet] Scalar} * *$()* _"(conext op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet]Contextualizers}_ - forces scalar context, alias to *item()* * *$* _"(regex Metachar)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Metacharacter}_ - end of the string * *$$* _"(regex Metachar)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Metacharacter}_ - end of a line * *%* _"(sigil)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Sigils}_ - prefix of "hash variables"{link: [perl 6 Variable Tablet] Hash} * *%* _"(numeric op)"{link: [Perl 6 Operator Tablet] numeric context}_ - gives remainder of a modulo division, forces numeric context * *%()* _"(conext op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Contextualizers}_ - forces hash context, alias to the *hash()* function * *%%* _"(numeric op)"{link: [Perl 6 Operator Tablet] numeric context}_ - Bool::True if the left is evenly divisible by right value * *&* _"(sigil)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Sigils}_ - sigil of coderefs * *&* - junctive and, requires that all conditions are met * *&* _"(regex Metachar)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Metacharacter}_ - match multiple patterns (AND - connection of patterns) * *&&* - logical and, conditonal statements, ends evaluation on the first false expression, returns boolean result * *''* _"(quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - simple quoting, just / and ' needs o be quoted, alias to q// * *()* - grouping of values (parameters) * *()* _"(regex Metachar)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Metacharacter}_ - encompass a subregex/submatch * *{{*}}* _"(numeric op)"{link: [Perl 6 Operator Tablet] numeric context}_ - multiplies numbers and forces numeric context on parameters; * *{{*}}* _(term)_ - synonym for Inf (Whatever) in connection with a Range operator (".."); marks the end of an array in a slice operator so that negative indices access array elements relative to one beyond the final element * *{{*}}* - marks as prefix slurpy arrays in signatures * *{{*}}* _"(twigil)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Twigils}_ - secondary sigil of global variables * *{{**}}* _"(numeric op)"{link: [Perl 6 Operator Tablet] numeric context}_ - raises a number to a power and forces numeric context * *{{**}}* _"(regex Metachar)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Metacharacter}_ - multiplies char or group like x _(strig op)_ outside of regex, (ha)**3 equals (hahaha) * *+* _"(conext op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Contextualizers}_, _"(numeric op)"{link: [Perl 6 Operator Tablet] numeric context}_ - forces numeric context of values and adds results * *+&* _"(numeric op)"{link: [Perl 6 Operator Tablet] numeric context}_ - bitwise and, numeric context * *++* _(prefix & suffix op)_ - generic autoincrement, calls internal iterator of that object, before (prefix) or after (suffix) the evaluation of the surrounding term * *+<* _"(numeric op)"{link: [Perl 6 Operator Tablet] numeric context}_ - shift left in numeric kontext * *+>* _"(numeric op)"{link: [Perl 6 Operator Tablet] numeric context}_ - shift right in numeric kontext * *+^* _"(numeric op)"{link: [Perl 6 Operator Tablet] numeric context}_ - bitwise xor in numeric context * *+|* _"(numeric op)"{link: [Perl 6 Operator Tablet] numeric context}_ - bitwise or in numeric context * *,* - list generating operator * *{{-}}* _"(numeric op)"{link: [Perl 6 Operator Tablet] numeric context}_ - forces numeric context and subtract * *--* _(prefix & suffix op)_ - generic autodecrement, calls internal iterator of that object, before (prefix) or after (suffix) the evaluation of the surrounding term * *-->* - alternative syntax to type a parameter * {{->}} - assigns a named parameter for a block (pointy block) * *.* - secondary sigil for public accessors (getter/setter) * *.* _"(regex Metachar)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Metacharacter}_ - really any character (unlike Perl 5) * *..* - range generating operator; range object in scalar context, see smartmatch table * *...* (yadda op) - yadda Operator that calles fail (exception) * */* _"(numeric op)"{link: [Perl 6 Operator Tablet] numeric context}_ - division, numeric context * *//* _"(numeric op)"{link: [Perl 6 Operator Tablet] numeric context}_ - returns the first defined value, similar to *orelse* * *{{\0[<n>]}}* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - character given in octal (brackets optional) * *:* - pair generation operator, also known as adverbial syntax * *:* _"(filetest op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - start of all file text ops, syntax: {{":"}} ~ one (<r w x o R W X O e z s f d l p S b c t u g k T B M A C>) * *:* _"(twigil)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Twigils}_ - for autogenerated named parameters of a block * *:b<n>* - makes a number n in base b (up to 36), for example :2<1000001> is 65 * *:* - marks as prefix named parameter in a signature * *:* - (flow control) - endchar of all labels, jou can jump to (see also goto) * *::* _"(sigil)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Sigils}_ - abstraction sigil, name space separator (like in Perl 5) * *::=* - binding a value or variable to a variable at compile time * *:=* - creates an alias to a variable at runtime (_"binding"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet] Binding}_) * *;* - seperates commands (statements) or "array indices"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Slices} eg {{@[2;3] instead of @a[2][3]}} * *<* - less than, numeric comparison operator * *<>* double pointy syntax to assign a rw parameter to a block* * *<<* _"(meta op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Metaoperators}_ - applies the operator on the left as hyper operator to the array on the right * *<<==* - leftward pointing feed operator that adds values to an existing list (append-mode) * *<<>>* _"(quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - circumfix quoting operator for grouping with autoquoting and evaluation (alias to Q :qq :ww /.../) * *<=* - less than or equal, numeric comparison operator * *<==* - leftward pointing feed operator * *<=>* - numeric less-equal-greater comparison for Order class * *<>* _"(quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - circumfix quoting operator for grouping with autoquoting (alias to Q :q :ww /.../) * *<>* _"(regex Metachar)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Metacharacter}_ - embraces an subrule (assertion) * *=* _(Op)_ - assignment, left side is evaluated and assigned to the right * *{{<op>=}}* _"(meta op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Metaoperators}_ - self assignment, left side is one oper and the result is assigned to ($a += 3; equals $a = $a + 3) * *=:=* _(Op)_ - compares binding, if both vars are bound to same memory location * *==* _(Op)_ - equality of value (numeric) * *===* _(Op)_ - equality of value and type * *==>* _(Op)_ - rightward pointing feed operator * *==>>* _(Op)_ - rightward pointing feed operator that adds values to an existing list (append-mode) * *=>* _(Op)_ - pair (and hash) constructor, _fatarrow_ * *>* _(Op)_ - greater than, numeric comparison operator; ends grouping with autoquoting (formerly qw()) * *>=* _(Op)_ - greater than or equal, numeric comparison Op * *>>* _"(meta op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Metaoperators}_ - binds operator (right) as hyper operator to an array (left) * *?* _"(conext op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Contextualizers}_ - forces binary context in an expression * *?* - marks as postfix optional parameters in signatures * *?* - quantifier for 0 or 1 occurrence in Regexes * *?* _"(twigil)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Twigils}_ - secondary sigil for constant compiler hint variables * *?&* - logical op, and combinator, forces binary context * *?? !!* - ternary or conditional operator * *???* (yadda op) - yadda operator that calles warn * *?^* - logical xor, forces operands into boolean context * *?|* - logical or, forces operands into boolean context * *@* _"(sigil)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Sigils}_ - sigil of an "array"{link: [perl 6 Variable Tablet] Array} * *@()* _"(conext op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Contextualizers}_ - forces (flattened) array context, alias to *list()* function * *<var>[]* - postcircumfix operator, appended on an array var, returns an array slice with values which indexes was inside the brackets * *[]* - circumfix operator that creates a reference to an array that holds all values that encompas these brackets * *[]* _"(meta op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Metaoperators}_ - circumfix reduction metaop, close to functional "reduce", applies the operator between all elements of an array * *{{[\<op>]}}* _"(meta op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Metaoperators}_ - circumfix reduction metaop, applies above reduction to a series of lists made of array slices ranging in length from 1 to the complete length of the original list * *\* - "capture generator"{link: [perl 6 variable tablet] Capture}, creates a reference to the following structure * *\* - escape char, all escape sequences inside "quotes"{link: [perl_6_lookup_tablet] Control Chars} and "regexes"{link: [perl_6_lookup_tablet] Escape Sequences} start with it * *^* - junctive xor, requires that one value in a list is true * *^* - upto operator, ^$limit expands to 0 ..^ +$limit range * *^* - in range definitions, it excludes a limit value, in scalar context see smartmatch * *^* _"(twigil)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Twigils}_ - for autogenerated positional parameters of a block, position results from alphabetical order of all $^-Variables * *^* _(regex Metachar)_ - start of the string * *^^* - logical xor, combines expressions, returns true when only one expression is true, otherwise false * *^^* _(regex Metachar)_ - start of a line * *{}* - circumfix operator: encloses blocks and creates a coderef, or a hashref when it is identified as a hash or contains a '=>' * *|* (junctive op) - junctive or, requires that a condition is fulfilled * *|* _"(regex Metachar)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Metacharacter}_ - match alternate patterns (OR - connection of patterns) * *|()* _"(conext op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Contextualizers}_ - flatten "capture"{link: [perl 6 variable tablet] Capture} object into arglist * *||* - logical or, evaluates sequentially, ends evaluation at the first expression that returns true * *||()* _"(conext op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Contextualizers}_ - flatten "capture"{link: [perl 6 variable tablet] Capture} object into semicolon list * *~* _"(conext op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Contextualizers}_, (string op) - forces string context (stringify) and/or concatenate strings, synonym for cat * *~&* - characterwise and, forces string context * *~<* - characterwise left shift, forces string context * *~>* - characterwise right shift, forces string context * *~^* - characterwise xor, forces string context * *~|* - characterwise or, forces string context * *~~* - smartmatch operator, compares (almost) all data types ^^ A * *:a* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - demands evaluation of array variables, short form of ":array", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}} * *:a* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - no distinction between same chars with or without accent (funny symbols above), short for ":ignoreaccent" * *:aa* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup Tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - only for substitutions, replacing with chars that have the same accent pattern as the replaced, short for ":sameaccent" * *abs* _(numeric op)_ - returns numeric absolute value * *after* - comparison operator used by the Order class, true if left should follow right * *all* - junctive AND operator * *and* - logical AND operator * *andthen* - logical AND short circuit operator, transferring $_ from first to second block/command, if first do succeed * *anon* _"(scope declarator)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Scope Declarator}_ - introduces names that aren't to be stored anywhere (anonymous) * *Any* _"(undefined value type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Undefined types}_ - Perl 6 object (default routine parameter type, excludes junction) * *any* - junctive OR operator * *Array* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Perl Array, a series of *Scalar* value container, or a variable that stores such a list * *array()* _"(conext op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Contextualizers}_ - forces array context, alias to *@()* * *:array* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - demands evaluation of array variables, long form of ":a", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}} * *as* _(string method)_ - converts like sprintf * *as* _"(routine trait)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]routine traits}_ - inner type constraint that a routine imposes on its return value * *assoc* _"(routine trait)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]routine traits}_ - specifies the "associativity of an operator"{link: [Perl 6 Lookup tablet]operator associativity} explicitly * *assuming* - method of all subroutine reference objects that enables Currying * _AST_ - (abstract syntax tree), tree like data structure, in which source code is transformed, before running the programm * *async* _(block modifier)_ - allows the interpreter to parallelize the following * *augment* _"(scope declarator)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Scope Declarator}_ - adds definitions to an existing name, inserts new methods and attributes into a class/grammar or replaces them ^^ B * *:b* _"(filetest op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - file is a block special file (e.g. Harddisks, CDROMs and RAM areas) * *:b* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - forces evaluation of "escape sequences"{link: [perl_6_lookup_tablet] escape_sequences}, short form of _":backslash", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}} * *\B* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - Match when not on a word boundary * *\b* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - word boundary * *:backslash* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ _ - forces evaluation of "escape sequences"{link: [perl_6_lookup_tablet] escape_sequences}, long form of ":b", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}} * _Backtracking_ - go after an unsuccessful match back to the last successful matching position and check if another alternative part of the regex matches * *Bag* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - unordered collection of values that allows duplicates * *before* - comparison operator used by the Order class, true when left should precede right * *BEGIN* _"(closure trait)"{}_ - marks a special block or statement, executed at compile time, ASAP, only ever runs once * _"Binding"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet] Binding}_ - making two variables share the same content by pointing to same memory location * *Bit* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - Perl single bit (allows traits, aliasing, undef, etc.) * *Blob* - _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - An undifferentiated mass of bits * *Block* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - Executable objects that have lexical scopes (enclosed by curly braces) * *Bool* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - Perl boolean * *break* _"(flow control)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Jump Commands}_ - leave this when clause block now * *Buf* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Perl buffer (a stringish array of memory locations) * *but* - alters properties of a variable at run time * *bytes* _(string method)_ - returns number of bytes used (a sort of length) * *:bytes* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - searching on byte level, (see also chars, codes, graphs) ^^ C * *:c* _"(filetest op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - file is a character special file (e.g. terminals modems) * *:c* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - forces evaluation of closures (blocks aka {{{ ... }}}) inside quotes, long form of ":closure", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}} * *:c*(<n>) _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - searching from nth (n is an int) position (counting from 0) and then going to the right, short for ":continue" * *\C[<n>]* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - any character except the bracketed named or control character * *\c[<n>]* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - named character or control character * *cached* _"(routine trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] routine traits}_ - marks a subroutine as being memoized * *call* - execute a subroutine * *caller* - object describing the code from which as routine was invoked * *callwith* - submethode by which one can call a sub with a different signature * *capitalize* - alias to a wordwise ucirst(lc($_)), makes first char of every word upper case, rest lowercase * *"Capture"{link: [perl 6 variable tablet] Capture}* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - Function call arguments (right-hand side of a binding) * *cat* _"(array method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - coverts values of a list into string context and joines them like with '~', alias to _.join('')_ * *CATCH* _"(closure trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] closure traits}_ - marks a special block to catch exceptions, before LEAVE * *category* _(grammatical category)_ - namespace of grammatical categories, in case you want to create a new one with a macro * *char* _(num method)_ - convert number into charakter according a character table, reverse of _ord_ * *chars* _(string method)_ - returns number of characters {section: ch} * *:chars* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - searching on character level (default), (see also bytes, codes, graphs) * *chdir* - changes the current working directory ($*CWD) * *CHECK* _"(closure trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] closure traits}_ - marks a special block or statement, executed at compile time, ALAP, only ever runs once * *chmod* - changes access rights of files * *chomp* _(string method)_ - returns a string with the last newline (if there is one) removed * *chop* _(string method)_ - returns a string with the last character removed * *chown* - changes owner of files * *circumfix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that stay after one statement or variable, but do surround a second (like braces in $a[2]) * *class* _(block modifier)_ - declares a collection of methods that define an object * *classify* _"(array method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - special form of map, to classify input values; the return value of the closure determines, under which key the value appears in the resulting hash * *close* - methode on Filehandle class, ending the connection with a file * *:closure* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - forces evaluation of closures (blocks aka {{{ ... }}}) inside quotes, long form of ":c", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}} * _closure_ - routines whose state (content of all local variables) is completely preserved until the next execution * *cmp* _(comp op)_ - compares values textually, gives results -1(lower than), 0 (equal), 1 (greater than), using the Order class * *Code* - data typ for code references of any kind {section: co} * *:code* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Quoting Adverbs}_ - quasi quoting, the commented will be compiles and the AST will be returned as result, see also: quasi * _Coderef_ - reference (pointer) to an executable block of code (routine) * *:codes* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - searching on codepoint level (between codepoints), (see also bytes, chars, graphs) * *comb* _(string method)_ - $str.comb(/pattern/) equals $str ~~ m:g/pattern/, except it returns the list of findings, not a match object like .match aka m//; default pattern is rx/./ * _compile time_ - the process when Perl converts source code to executable form * *Complex* _"(immutable type)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Immutable Types}_ - Perl complex number * *constant* _(var trait)_ - makes so declared var (_is constant_) a real constant * *contend* _(block modifier)_ - marks a block as atomic, concurrent proceses have to wait * _Context_ - when executing a function or operator Perl considers the expression from which the call was to return a scalar or other kind of result * _Context variable_ - $_ is used by built in Perl functions as an implicit parameter * *continue* _(flow control)_ - makes execution in a 'given' also try the following 'when' clauses * *:continue*(<n>) - _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - searching from nth (n is an int) position (counting from 0) and then going to the right, short for ":c" * *CONTROL* _"(closure trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] closure traits}_ - marks a special block to catch control exceptions (like next/last/return etc), before LEAVE * *Cool* _"(undefined value type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Undefined types}_ - Perl 6 Convenient OO Loopbacks, * *copy* _"(parameter trait)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] parameter traits}_ - read-writable copy of the original argument ("pass-by-value") * *cross* _(list method)_ - alias to X operator: {{ @a X @b = (@a; @b).cross }} * *crosswith* _(list method)_ - alias to X metaoperator: {{ @a X~ @b = (@a; @b).crosswith(&[~]) = (@a; @b).cross.slice.map { .reduce(&[~]) } }} * _Currying_ - creating a subroutine as a derivate from another with certain parameter to be predefined ^^ D * *:d* _"(filetest op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - check if file is a directory * *\D* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - nondigit * *\d* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - digit * *default* _"(block modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Conditionals}_ - following block will be executed if no when clause in surrounding block matched * _Declarative Programming_ - programming paradigm that expresses the logic of a computation without describing its control flow * *defer* _(block modifier)_ - * *defined* - scalar method tests whether a value has been assigned to a variable * *delete* - removes a key and value from a hash * _Design by Contract_ - programming style in which parameters and return values from routines must meet conditions; A signature is considered contract in Perl 6 * *die* - stop the program now and print a message on $*ERR * *dim* - array dimensioning * *div* - division, creates fraction objects in Integer context * *do* - executes a block (do once loop) * *does* - checks if an objekt inherits this role * *:double* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - double quoting, "q" with interpolation of variables, alias to "...", qq /.../ and Q :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b /.../, long for ":qq" * *Duration* - _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - The difference between two Instants * *dynamic* _"(parameter trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] parameter traits}_ - parameter is an "environmental" variable, a lexical in the dynamic scope ^^ E * *:e* _"(filetest op)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - tests if file exists * *\E* _"escape sequence"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - anything but an escape character * *\e* _"escape sequence"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - escape character * *each* - variant of all() that promises to do things in order, is Positional/Iterable * *eager* - forces eager evaluation (now), default for scalars * *elems* _(array method)_ - returns number of elements * *else* _"(block modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Conditionals}_ - introduces the alternative block after an 'if' or 'elsif' * *elsif* _"(block modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Conditionals}_ - alternative if clause * *END* _"(closure trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] closure traits}_ - marks a special block, executed at run time, ALAP, only ever runs once * *ENTER* _"(closure trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] closure traits}_ - marks a special block or statement, executed at every block entry time, repeats on loop blocks * *Enum* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - An immutable Pair * *enum* - creates a set * *EnumMap* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - A mapping of Enums with no duplicate keys * *eq* - equal, string comparison * *equiv* _"(routine trait)"{link: [Perl 6 Lookup Tablet]Routine Traits}_ - specifies the "precedence of an operator"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Table of Precedence} same as an existing operator * *eqv* - compares the dynamic state of objects and values, in contrast with static === * *err* _(logical operator)_ - returns the first defined value from the left * *eval* - just evaluates a string as a program and returns result and maybe error message in @!, second optional parameter defines a parser grammar which should understand the string * *evalfile* - behaves like, and replaces Perl 5 do EXPR, with optional $lang support * *:ex* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - searching at all positions as long as it findes something (with backtracking), short for ":exhaustive" * *Exception* _"(immutable type)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Immutable Types}_ - Perl exception, errors or abnormal events interfering with normal execution, which Perl 6 can both generate and handle * *:exec* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Quoting Adverbs}_ - quoted string will be executed and replaced with its result, alias to Q :x and qx // * *:exhaustive* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - searching at all positions as long as it findes something (with backtracking), long for ":ex" * *exists* - checks for existence of a variable or hash member, scalar method * *exit* - stops all program execution, and returns Int $status (first parameter) to the calling environment ^^ F * *:f* _"(filetest op)"{link: [Perl 6 Lookup Tablet]Filetest Ops}_ - file is a plain file (no socket or dir, ...etc.) * *:f* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [Perl 6 Lookup Tablet]Quoting Adverbs}_ - demands evaluation of functions (subs and methods), that start with "&" and replacing them with the result, long form of ":function", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}} * *\F* _"escape sequence"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - anything but form feed * *\f* _"escape sequence"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - form feed * *fail* - a return call (end this routine) that throws an exception * *Failure* _"(undefined value type)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Undefined types}_ - data type object for an error, thrown by an unhandled exception * *false* - boolean value aka Bool::False * *FatRat* _"(immutable type)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - Perl rational (unlimited precision in both parts) * *ff* - flip flop operator in the style of awk, formerly .. in scalar context * *fff* - flip flop operator in the style of sed, formerly ... in scalar context * *FIRST* _"(closure trait)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]closure traits}_ - marks a special block or statement, executed at loop initialization time, before any ENTER * *flip* _(string method)_ - reverses order of characters in strings * *"fmt"{link: [Perl 6 IO tablet] fmt}* - method on a scalar, takes a format specifier returns a string, simplified sprintf * *for* _"(loop block modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Loops}_ - only iterates over a list * *:function* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - demands evaluation of functions (subs and methods), that start with "&" and replacing them with the result, long form of ":f", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}} * _Functional Programming_ - exclusively function based programming style, considered as a branch of Declarative Programming ^^ G * *:g* _"(filetest op)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Filetest Ops}_ - report if file has setgid bit set * *:g* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - searching for any finding (not just the first), short for :global * *gather* _(block modifier)_ - performs the following block once, returns a list of all values passed by 'take' * *ge* - greater than on equal, string comparison * *get* _(handle method)_ - returns a line (item context) or all lines (list context) from that input stream * *given* _"(block modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Conditionals}_ - case construct puts a value into the context variable for when clauses * *:global* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - searching for any finding (not just the first), long for :g * *goto* _"(flow control)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]jump commands}_ - transfer execution to a defined label * *grammar* - special kind of class to hold regex token and rule definitions * *:graphs* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - searching on the level of language-independent graphemes, (see also bytes, chars, codes) * *grep* _"(array op & method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - gives all values of an array that pass a filters condition * *gt* - greater than or equal, string comparison, Bool::True if alphabetically ordered the right comes before the left ^^ H * *:h* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup Tablet]Quoting Adverbs}_ - demands evaluation of hash variables, long form of ":hash", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}} * *\H* _"escape sequence"{link: [Perl 6 lookup Tablet]Escape Sequences}_ - anything but horizontal whitespace * *\h* _"escape sequence"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - horizontal whitespace * *handles* - delegates execution of a function to another method * *HardRoutine* - _"(immutable type)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Immutable Types}_ - A routine that is committed to not changing * *has* _"(scope declarator)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Scope Declarator}_ - introduces attribute names * *Hash* _"mutable type"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Mutable types}_ - Perl hash, a two column table of *Scalar*, values in one column are keys to refer to the values in the other column * *hash* _"(conext op)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Contextualizers}_ - enforces hash-list context, alias to *%()* * *:hash* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Quoting Adverbs}_ - demands evaluation of hash variables, long form of ":h", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}} * *:heredoc* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Quoting Adverbs}_ - defines end marker for the following heredoc, :heredoc is equal to :to * *HOW* _"(introspection method)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]object introspection}_ - (reserved for documentation) * *hyper* - forces none-lazy list context, that ignores the order of results (allowes parallel computing) ^^ I * *:i* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - uppercase and lowercase variants of a letter are taken as the same letter, short for ":ignorecase" (same as in Perl 5) * *if* _"(block modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Conditionals}_ - flow control conditional statement or block modifier, executes code only when a condition expression evaluates to true * *:ignoreaccent* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - no distinction between same chars with or without accent (funny symbols above), short for ":a" * *:ignorecase* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - uppercase and lowercase variants of a letter are taken as the same letter, long for ":i" (same as in Perl 5) * *:ignoremark* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - comparing base characters (Unicode non-mark characters) while ignoring any trailing mark characters, long for ":m" * *:ii* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - only for substitutions, replacing with chars that have the same case pattern as the replaced, short for ":samecase" * *index* _(string method)_ - finds the first occurrence of a substring in a string and returns the numerical position, opposite or _rindex_ * *Inf* - infinity, to generate infinite lazy lists * *infix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that are surrounded by whitespace (\w) between 2 vars or statements _($a + $b)_ * *INIT* _"(closure trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] closure traits}_ - marks a special block or statement, executed at run time, ASAP, only ever runs once * *inline* _(sub trait)_ - * *Instant* - _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - A point on the continuous atomic timeline * *Int* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - Perl integer (allows Inf/NaN, arbitrary precision, etc.) * *int* - extract a whole number value, discarding fractional part * *invert* _(hash op & method)_ - inverts the key => value relation of pairs and hashes * *IO* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Perl filehandle * *is* - bind a traits to a variable * *item()* _"(conext op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Contextualizers}_ - forces scalar context, alias to *$()* * _Iteration_ - flow control, repeatedly executing a block * *Iterator* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Perl list ^^ J * *join* _"(array op & method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - concatenates list elements into a string, optionally inserting another string between the elements ^^ K * *:k* _"(filetest op)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Filetest Ops}_ - report if file has sticky bit set * *KEEP* _"(closure trait)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Closure traits}_ - marks a special block, executed at every successful block exit, part of LEAVE queue * *:keepall* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 Lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - forces subrules to memorize everything (even comments) * *key* _(pair method)_ - gives the key part of a pair * *KeyBag* _"(mutable type)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - KeyHash of UInt (does Bag in list/array context) * *KeySet* _"(mutable type)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - KeyHash of Bool (does Set in list/array context) * *keys* _"(hash method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Hash Methods}_ - returns list of hash keys * *kv* _"(hash method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Hash Methods}_ - returns list of key-value pairs ^^ L * *:l* _"(filetest op)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Filetest Ops}_ - file is a symbolic link * *\L[<n>]* _"escape sequence"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Escape Sequences}_ - everything within the brackets is lowercase * *LAST* _"(closure trait)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] closure traits}_ - marks a special block, executed at loop termination time, after any LEAVE * *last* _"(flow control)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] jump commands}_ - exit the current looping block * *last* _(array method)_ - number of final element * *lazy* - forces lazy evaluation (as late as possible) * *lc* _(string op & method)_ - make string lowercase * *lcfirst* _(string op & method)_ - make first char of a string lowercase * *le* _(comparison op)_ - lower than or equal, string comparison (see lt, gt, ge) * *LEAVE* _"(closure trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] closure traits}_ - marks a special block, executed at every block exit time * *leave* _"(flow control)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] jump commands}_ - exit the current block with a return value * *leg* _(comparison op)_ - lower/equal/greater comparator for text * *let* - changes value of a variable temporary, it will be set back if the current block exits unsuccessfully * *lines* _(string method)_ - returns a chomped list of lines (chunks of character separated by \n) containing a string, {{ $str.lines($limit) equals $input.comb( / ^^ \N* /, $limit ) }} * *lines* _(handle method)_ - returns an lazy iterator over all chomped lines of that input stream * *lines* _(io op)_ - reads a file and returns content as array of lines, works as above * *lol* _"(conext op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Contextualizers}_ - forces list of list context on a value, meaning a list which values are not contextualized further (can be lists themthelves), opposite of a flattened list * *loop* _"(loop block modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Loops}_ - general flow control command for repetition * *looser* _"(routine trait)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Routine Traits}_ - specifies the "precedence of an operator"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] table of precedence} lower than an existing operator * *lt* _(string comparison op)_ - lower than, string comparison, Bool::True if alphabetically ordered the left comes before the right ^^ M * *m* _"(regex quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - perform a regex based search in place ( stands for _match_ ), similar to rx _(quote regex op)_ * *:m* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - comparing base characters (Unicode non-mark characters) while ignoring any trailing mark characters, short for ":ignoremark" * *Macro* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Perl compile-time subroutine * *macro* - define a routine to alter source code at compile time * *map* _"(array op & method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - take a list, perform a block on each member, return a list of the results Arraymethode * *Match* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Perl match, usually produced by applying a pattern * *match* _(string method)_ - method alias to m//, $str.match( /pat/ ) equals $str ~~ s/pat/;, returns a match object * _match object_ - result of an regex operation * *max* _"(array op & method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - returns the numerically largest value from a given list * *maybe* _(block modifier)_ - * _"metaoperator"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] metaoperators}_ - alters the meaning of other operators * *Method* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Perl method * *method* - defines a method (inheritable routine) in a class * *min* _"(array op & method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - returns the numerically smallest value from a given list * *minmax* _"(array op & method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - returns the highest and lowest values from a list, as a 2 item list * *:mm* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - substitute with chars that has same mark/accent pattern as the matched string, short for ":samemark" * *mod* _(numeric op)_ - generic modulo operator * *module* _(block modifier)_ - introduces a module name, a package that performs special actions on loading * *ms* _"(regex quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - perform a regex based search in place, spaces are just subrule separators, alias to m:s/.../ or m:sigspace /.../ * *Mu* _"(undefined value type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Undefined types}_ - most (generic) undefined object * *multi* _"routine modifier"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] routine modifier}_ - marks routines with can have sibling with same name but different signature, when called, the one with matching sig is executed (multimethod dispatch) * *my* _"(scope declarator)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Scope Declarator}_ - introduces lexically scoped names, which exists only in the current scope (usually a block) ^^ N * *\N* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - anything but (logical) newline * *\n* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - (logical) newline * <n> *:nd* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - demands the nth finding, has many aliases (:st :rd :th) for correct spelling (:2nd) * *new* - creates a new object of a class, also name of the automatically called constructor method * *NEXT* _"(closure trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] closure traits}_ - marks a special block, executed at loop continuation time, before any LEAVE * *next* _"(flow control)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] jump commands}_ - start the the next following loop iteration * *none* - return true when a value is not part of a set, junctive NOT operator * *normalize* - _(string method)_ - normalize (repair) Unicode (UTF) string * *not* - logical NOT operator, negates truth value, alternative to `!` with lower precedence * *Num* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - Perl number (approximate Real, generally via floating point) ^^ O * *:O* _"(filetest op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - tests if file is owned by real uid * *:o* _"(filetest op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - tests if file is owned by effective uid * _Object Oriented Programming_ - programming paradigm (style), that arranges data and functions that belong together into so called objects * *of* _"(routine trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] routine traits}_ - inner type constraint that a routine imposes on its return value, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 } * *one* - junctive XOR operator * *only* _"routine modifier"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] routine modifier}_ - permits only one routine of the same name in this block * *or* - logical or operator * *ord* _(string method)_ - convert charakter into number according a character table, reverse of _char_ * *orelse* - logical OR short circuit operator, transferring an Error code from first to second block/command, if first do not succeed, similar to *//* * *our* _"(scope declarator)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Scope Declarator}_ - introduces "package"{link: P} - scoped names * *:ov* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - searching at all positions just one time (with backtracking), short for ":overlap" * *:overlap* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - searching at all positions just one time (with backtracking), long for ":ov" ^^ P * *:p* _"(filetest op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - file is a named pipe (FIFO), or filehandle is a pipe * *:p* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - quote paths and create path object that know the right format of the current {{$*OS with Q :p /.../}}, short for _:path_ * *:p*(<n>) _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - searching only on the nth (n is an int) position (counting from 0), short for ":pos" * *:P5* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - activate old Perl 5 regex rules, alias to :Perl5 * *pack{link: [Perl 6 IO tablet] pack}* - repackage values into or from a condensed format * *package* _(block modifier)_ - defines this Block or File as namespace (almost like in Perl 5), some uses are now better to do with "module" and "class" * *Pair* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - A single key-to-value association * *PairSeq* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - A Seq of Pairs * *pair* _(context op)_ - force pair context * *pairs* _"(hash method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Hash Methods}_ - returns all contents as an array or pairs (key,value) * *:panic* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - overwriting a possible set :ratchet for all subrules (activates backtracking) * _Parameter_ - value passed to a method or subroutine, mostly as part of the signature * *Parcel* - _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - Arguments in a comma list * *parcel* _"(parameter trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] parameter traits}_ - raw reference, will not be contextualized * *parsed* _"(routine trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet]routine traits}_ - this macro will be parsed once, it is hygienic, but own and later defined rules can't be applied, opposite of *reparsed* * _Parsetree_ - hierarchical data representing the logical structure of a program * *perl{link: [Perl 6 IO tablet] perl}* - evaluates the following string or content of the var on which is called this method, functions with "say" like a better Data::Dumper * *:path* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - quote paths and create path object that know the right format of the current {{$*OS with Q :path /.../}}, long for _:p_ * *:Perl5* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - activate old Perl 5 regex rules, alias to :P5 * *pick* _"(array op & method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - select a number of random vaues * "phaser"{link: [perl_6_lookup_tablet] closure traits} - Perl 6 term for specially named subblocks withe special runtimes aka closure traits * *pick* _(array method)_ - selects randomly elements from this list, optional parameter says how many * _pipe_ - connection between 2 processes, move data (mostly only in one direction) without buffering * _pointy block_ - a block that is given parameters with '->' * *pop* _"(array op & method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - removes and returns the last element in an array * *:pos*(<n>) _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - searching only on the nth (n is an int) position (counting from 0), long for ":p" * *POST* _"(closure trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] closure traits}_ - marks a special block, assert postcondition, executed at every block exit, after LEAVE * *postcircumfix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that stay after one statement or variable, but do surround a second (like braces in $a[2]) * *postfix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that stay after a statement or variable (like $a++) * *PRE* _"(closure trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] closure traits}_ - marks a special block, assert precondition, executed at every block entry, before ENTER * *prefix* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace of ops, that stay before a statement or variable (like ++$a) * *print* - sends characters to an output stream without adding a newline, see 'say' * *printf* - formats text and sends it to standard output * *prompt* - "print"ing text and reading the answer (a line from $*IN - formerly STDIN) * _property_ - metadata set at runtime * *proto* "routine modifier"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] routine modifier} - fallback for multi, if no multi routines signature matches the callers, a proto with same name is executed * *push* _"(array op & method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - appends a list of values to the end of an array ^^ Q * *Q* _"(generalized quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - understands a "list of adverbs"{link: [perl_6_lookup_tablet] quoting_ops_and_adverbs} * *q* _"(quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - simple quoting (slashes and '), alias to '...' and Q :q /.../ and Q :single /.../ * *:q* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - simple quoting (slashes and '), alias to '...' and q /.../, short for ":single" * *\Q[<n>]* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - all metacharacters within the brackets match as literal characters * *quote* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace, used to define new quoting ops with a macro * *quote_mod* _(grammatical category)_ - operator namespace, used to define new quoting adverbs * *:quotewords* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces) with quote protection (like in shell - '' and "" sourround words), long form of ":quotewords", used in {{< ... > and << ... >>}} * *qq* _"(quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - double quoting, "q" with interpolation of variables, alias to "..." and Q :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b /.../ and Q :qq // and Q :double // * *:qq* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - double quoting, "q" with interpolation of variables, alias to "...", qq /.../ and Q :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b /.../, short for ":double" * *quasi* _(block modifier)_ - quasi quoting, the commented will be compiles and the AST will be returned as result, see also: code * *qw* _"(quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - splits result on words (as in P5), alias to Q :q :w // * *qx* _"(quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - execute as command and return results (as in P5), alias to Q :x // ^^ R * *R*<op> _"(meta op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Metaoperators}_ - reverse operands * *:R* _"(filetest op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - check if file is readable by real uid/gid * *:r* _"(filetest op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - check if file is readable by effective uid/gid * *\R* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - anything but return * *\r* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - return (CR), as in Perl 5 * *rand* - generate a floating point random number between 0.0 and 1.0 * *Range* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - A pair of ordered endpoints * *RangeIter* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Iterator over a Range * _Range Operator_ - written as '..' in scalar context defines set of possible values for smartmatch, in list context makes a list of successive values * *Rat* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - Perl rational (exact Real, limited denominator) * *:ratchet* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - deactivates backtracking, search starts at pos, where last match ended * <n> *:rd* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - demands the nth finding, has many aliases (:st :nd :th) for correct spelling (:3rd) * *readline* - now called 'get', reads from an input stream until the next newline * *readonly* _"(parameter trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] parameter traits}_ - immutable parameter * *redo* _"(flow control)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] jump commands}_ - re-starts processing of the current loop turn * *reduce* _(list method)_ - alias to {{[ ]}} "metaoperator"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] metaoperators}: {{ [+] @a = @a.reduce(&[+]) }} * _Reference_ - address of data in memory, often termed a Capture in Perl 6 * *Regex* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Perl pattern * *regex* - (routine type) - a pattern definition (without :ratchet and :sigspace), can be put in a grammar, similar to qr/.../ in Perl 5 * *:regex* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - parse as quoted string as regex * _Regular Expression_ - in Perl5: pattern matching notation, either regex, token or rule in Perl6 * *reparsed* _"(routine trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] routine traits}_ - after parsing this macro, it will be reparsed, so that not hygienic, but its own and later defined rules can be applied, opposite of "parsed" * *repeat* _"(loop block modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Loops}_ - initial command for while or until loops that have their condtion at the end * *return* _"(flow control)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] jump commands}_ - leaves a subroutine and sets the return value * *returns* - sub trait describing the type of value produced by a function * *reverse* _"(array op & method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - returns all the members in the opposite order. Use "flip" to turn a string back to front and "invert" for hashes * *rindex* _(string method)_ - finds the last occurrence of a substring in a string and returns the numerical position, opposite or _index_ * *role* - container for methods that can extend a class using does * *roundrobin* _"(array method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - kind of zip that ignores empty values: {{roundrobin([1..3],[1,2],[1]) = 1,1,1,2,2,3}} * *Routine* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Base class for all wrappable executable objects * *rule* - alias for "regex :ratchet :sigspace" in a grammar, see regex, token * _Runtime_ - time when software is being used (not compiletime), or software components necessary for that, or length of time to execute * *rw* _"(routine trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] routine traits}_ - marks a subroutine as returning an lvalue * *rw* _"(parameter trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] parameter traits}_ - mutable parameter (rw stands for: read write) * *:rw* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - gives the regex the right to change the string (operand) * *rx* _"(regex quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - creates anonymous regex, that can me then assigned into a var, alias to Q :regex // and regex _(block modificator)_ ^^ S * *S*<op> _"(meta op)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Metaoperators}_ - force sequential (synchronous) evaluation, suppresses any explicit or implicit parallelism * *s* _"(regex quoting op)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - perform a substitution based on rx-matches in place, creates anonymous regex, alias to Q :subst // and subst _(block modificator)_ * *:S* _"(filetest op)"{link: [Perl 6 Lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - file is a socket * *:s* _"(filetest op)"{link: [Perl 6 Lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - file has size greater than 0 * *:s* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - demands evaluation of scalar variables, long form of ":scalar", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}} * *:s* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - whitespace separates now subregex and don't stand for spaces to look for, short for ":sigspace", mm// is alias to m:sigspace// * *\S* _"escape sequence"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - anything but whitespace * *\s* _"escape sequence"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - any whitespace character (\h or \v or \t) * *:sameaccent* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - only for substitutions, replacing with chars that have the same accent pattern as the replaced, long for ":aa" * *:samecase* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - only for substitutions, replacing with chars that have the same case pattern as the replaced, long for ":ii" * *:samemark* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - substitute with chars that has same mark/accent pattern as the matched string, long for ":mm" * *:samespace* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - smart space mapping for substitutions, long for ":ss", ss// is alias to s:samespace///, (ss/teh hsa/the has/;) * *say* - a function like print that also appends a newline (\n) * *Scalar* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Perl scalar, variable that holds a single value * *:scalar* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - demands evaluation of scalar variables, long form of ":s", included in "", qq and {{<<>>}} * _Scope_ - the block of code within which an identifier is usable * *seed* - initialize a random number generator, optionally with a value * *Seq* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - A list of values (can be generated lazily) * *SeqIter* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Iterator over a Seq * *Set* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - unordered collection of values that allows no duplicates * *sigil* _(grammatical category)_ - word to name the namespace for sigils, used to redifine them or define your own with a macro * *Signature* - _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - Function parameters (left-hand side of a binding), surrounded by round parentheses * *signature* _"(routine trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] routine traits}_ - signature of a subroutine. Normally declared implicitly, by providing a parameter list and/or return type * *:sigspace* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - whitespace separates now subregex and don't stand for spaces to look for, long for for ":s", mm// is alias to m:sigspace// * *:single* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - simple quoting (slashes and '), alias to '...' and q /.../, long for ":q" * *sleep* - Attempt to sleep for up to Num $for seconds (with sub-second resolution) * _slice_ - part of an array or list * *slurp* (io op and file handle method) - reads a entire file into a string * _slurpy Array_ - array parameter that receives all (slurps) all optional subroutine arguments * *SoftRoutine* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - A routine that is committed to staying mutable * *special_variable* _(grammatical category)_ - namespace to define and redefine special variables with a macro * *splice* _"(array op & method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - remove on $pos (first parameter) $n (second - optional) values and replace them with values (third - optional) * *split* - makes an array of substrings from a string and a separator * *sprintf{link: [Perl 6 IO tablet] sprintf}* - inserts formated values out of variables into a string like printf, but returns the string instead of outputting it * *ss* _"(regex quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - performs rx based substitution, spaces are just subrule separators, alias to s:samespace/.../.../, e.g.: ss/teh hsa/the has/; * *:ss* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - only for for substitution, whitespace separates subregexes like :sigspace, but also in the second part, short for ":samespace" * <n> *:st* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - demands the nth finding, has many aliases (:nd :rd :th) for correct spelling (:1st) * *START* _"(closure trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] closure traits}_ - marks a special block or statement, executed on first ever execution, once per closure clone * *Stash* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - A symbol table hash (package, module, class, lexpad, etc) * *state* _"(scope declarator)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Scope Declarator}_ - introduces lexically scoped but persistent names (known only in the enclosing block, but retain their values between invocations) * *Str* _"(immutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] immutable types}_ - Perl string (finite sequence of Unicode characters) * _String_ - series of characters, text * *Sub* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Perl subroutine object * *sub* _(block modifier)_ - defines a subroutine * *Submethod* _"(mutable type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] mutable types}_ - Perl subroutine acting like a method * *submethod* _(block modifier)_ - defines methods, not inherited by subclasses * _Subroutine_ - block of code callable by name * *subset* - define a subtype, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 } * *:subst* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - parse as substitution * *subst* _(string method)_ - method alias to s///, $str.subst( /pat/, "replacement" ) equals $str ~~ s/pat/"replacement/; * *substr* _(string method)_ - the scalar substring function like in Perl 5 * *supersede* _"(scope declarator)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Scope Declarator}_ - replaces definitions of an existing name, e.g. methods and attributes of a class/grammar ^^ T * *:t* _"(filetest op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - filehandle is opened to a tty (terminal) * *\T* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - anything but a tab * *\t* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - tab, not visible character * *take* - produces a return value in a gather block * *temp* - defines variables as temporary, synonym for the Perl 5 "local" * *term* _(grammatical category)_ - namespace of terms, used to redifine them or make a new with a macro * <n> *:th* _"(regex modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Regex Modifier}_ - demands the nth finding, has many aliases (:st :nd :rd) for correct spelling (:2nd) * *tighter* _"(routine trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] routine traits}_ - specifies the "precedence of an operator"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] table of precedence} higher than an existing operator * *:to* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - defines end marker for the following heredoc, :to is short for :heredoc * *token* - kind of regex :ratchet (no backtracking), part of a grammar * _Topicalizer_ - every keyword that sets the $_ variable, eg given, for * *touch* (filehandle method) - update timestamps on a file * *tr* _"(quoting op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Ops}_ - transliteration (as in Perl 5), translating some character in a string into others, alias to Q :trans /// * _Trait_ - additional property of a variable, defined at compile time, see but * *:trans* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - evals the quoted as transliteration aka tr /// * *trans* _(string method)_ - method name for tr/// operation, $str.trans( %mapping ) equals $str ~~ tr/%mapping.sort.keys/%mapping.sort.values/; * *triangle* _(list method)_ - alias to {{[\ ]}} "metaoperator"{link: [perl_6_lookup_tablet] metaoperators}: {{ [\+] @a = @a.triangle(&[+]) }} * *true* _(term)_ - converts value into the boolean context, low precedence alternative to "?" * *true* - boolean value aka Bool::True * *trusts* - allows a class the acess to otherwised sealed namespaces * _"Twigil"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Twigils} - second(ary)_ Sigil indicating a special property of a variable * *twigil* _(grammatical category)_ - word to name the namespace for twigils, used to redifine them or define your own with a macro ^^ U * *:u* _"(filetest op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - report if file has setuid bit set * *\U[<n>]* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - everything within the brackets is uppercase * *uc* - make all string chars uppercase * *ucfirst* - make first char of a string uppercase * *UNDO* _"(closure trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] closure traits}_ - marks a special block, executed at every unsuccessful block exit, part of LEAVE queue * *unless* _"(block modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Conditionals}_ - flow control modifier, opposite of if, runs block if expression is false * *until* _"(block modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Loops}_ - opposite of while, runs block repeatedly is long as expression is false * *unwrap* - remove an enclosing subroutine * *use* - load a module, import definitions, check Perl version ^^ V * *\V* "escape sequence"{link: [perl_6_lookup_tablet] Escape Sequences} - anything but vertical whitespace * *\v* "escape sequence"{link: [perl_6_lookup_tablet] Escape Sequences} - vertical whitespace * *value* _(pair method)_ - gets value (second) value of a pair * *values* _"(hash method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Hash Methods}_ - returns an array of just the values ^^ W * *:W* _"(filetest op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - check if file is writeable by real uid/gid * *:w* _"(filetest op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - check if file is writeable by effective uid/gid * *:w* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces), no quote protection, short form of ":words", used in qw// * *\W* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - anything but a word character * *\w* _"escape sequence"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - word character (Unicode alphanumeric plus "_") * *want* - produces a signature object that provides information about the context from which the current routine was called * *warn* - prints a message on $*ERR * *WHAT* _"(introspection method)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] object introspection}_ - short name of the class that an object belongs to * *Whatever* _"(undefined value type)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Undefined types}_ - Wildcard (like Any, but subject to do-what-I-mean via multi method dispatch) * *WHEN* _"(introspection method)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] object introspection}_ - (reserved for events?) * *WHENCE* _"(introspection method)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] object introspection}_ - autovivification of closures * *when* _"(block modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Conditionals}_ - executes its code block if a 'given' value smartmatches * *WHERE* _"(introspection method)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] object introspection}_ - memory address of the object * *where* - defines subtypes of data, eg subset Month of Int where { 1 <= $^a <= 12 }_ * *WHICH* _"(introspection method)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] object introspection}_ - object ID (type) * *while* _"(loop block modifier)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Loops}_ - flow control modifier runs block repeatedly as long as en expression is true * *WHO* _"(introspection method)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] object introspection}_ - package, that support that object, long name in string context * *WHY* _"(introspection method)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] object introspection}_ - (reserved for documentation) * *will do* _"(routine trait)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] routine traits}_ - block of code executed when the subroutine is called. Normally declared implicitly, by providing a block after the subroutine's signature definition * *:words* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces), no quote protection, long form of ":w", used in qw// * *words* _(string method)_ - returns a list of words (chunks of alphanumeric character) containing a string, {{ $input.words($limit) equals $input.comb( / \S+ /, $limit ) }} * *wrap* - creates enveloping subroutine * *:ww* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - split quoted string on words (on whitespaces) with quote protection (like in shell - '' and "" sourround words), short form of ":quotewords", used in {{< ... > and << ... >>}} ^^ X * *X* _(list op)_ - Cross product of two arrays, eg 1,2 X 3,4 == 1,3,1,4,2,3,2,4 ; alias of comb method * *x* _(scalar string op)_ - string replicate operator to single string, eg 'ab' x 3 == 'ababab' * *X*<op> _"(meta op)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Metaoperators}_ - Cross product with hyper operator, eg <a b> X~ <y z> == <ay az by bz> * *:X* _"(filetest op)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - check if file is executable by real uid/gid * *:x* _"(filetest op)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Filetest Ops}_ - check if file is executable by effective uid/gid * *:x* _"(quoting adverb)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Quoting Adverbs}_ - quoted string will be executed and replaced with its result, alias to Q :exec and qx // * *:x*(<n>) _"(regex modifier)"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet]Regex Modifier}_ - searching n times (n is an int) with this pattern * *\X[<n>]* _"escape sequence"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - anything but the character given in hexadecimal (brackets optional) * *\x[<n>]* _"escape sequence"{link: [Perl 6 lookup tablet] Escape Sequences}_ - character given in hexadecimal (brackets optional) * *xor* _(scalar bool op)_ - boolean exclusive or operator, only true if only one operand is true * *xx* _(scalar string op)_ - string replicate operator to array, eg 'ab' xx 3 == <ab ab ab> ^^ Y * _yadda operator_ - placeholder for later to be written code, because in empty routines are forbidden, comes in 3 flavours: ..., ??? and !!! ^^ Z * *Z* _(list op)_ - alias to zip _(list op)_ , joines 2 lists eg 1,2,3,4 Z 8,9 == 1,8,2,9 * *Z*<op> _"(meta op)"{link: [perl 6 lookup tablet] Metaoperators}_ - joines the values from same position of 2 lists with following operator and produces in that manner a new list * *zip* _"(array op & method)"{link: [Perl 6 Variable Tablet]Array Methods}_ - zip operator, joines 2 lists, alias to Z operator {{ @a Z @b = (@a; @b).zip }} * *zipwith* _(list method)_ - alias to Z metaoperator: {{ @a Z~ @b = (@a; @b).zipwith(&[~]) = (@a; @b).zip.slice.map { .reduce(&[~]) } }} {link: A} | {link: B} | {link: C} | {link: D} | {link: E} | {link: F} | {link: G} | {link: H} | {link: I} | {link: J} | {link: K} | {link: L} | {link: M} | {link: N} | {link: O} | {link: P} | {link: Q} | {link: R} | {link: S} | {link: T} | {link: T} | {link: U} | {link: V} | {link: W} | {link: X} | {link: Y} | {link: Z} ---- "Overview"[Perl 6 Tablets] - _Chapter:_ "0:Intr"[Perl 6 Intro Tablet], "1:Hist"[Perl 6 History Tablet], "2:Design"[Perl 6 Language Design Tablet], "3:Var"[Perl 6 Variable Tablet], "4:Op"[Perl 6 Operator Tablet], "5:IO"[Perl 6 IO Tablet], "6:{}"[Perl 6 Block Tablet], "7:Sub"[Perl 6 Subroutine Tablet], "8:OOP"[Perl 6 OOP Tablet], "9:Rx"[Perl 6 Regex Tablet] - _Appendices:_ *"A:Index"[Perl 6 Index Tablet]*, "B:Tables"[Perl 6 Lookup Tablet], "C:Cook"[Perl 6 Cookbook Tablet], "D:Delta"[Perl 6 Delta Tablet], "E:Best of"[Best Of Perl 6 Tablet], "F:Links"[Perl 6 Links Tablet] ---- |