Overview - Chapter: 0:History, 1:Design, 2:Basics, 3:Var, 4:Op, 5:IO, 6:{}, 7:Sub, 8:OOP, 9:Rx, 10:Meta
Intro - Appendices: A:Index, B:Tables, C:Cook, D:Delta, E:Best of, F:Links
1st law of language redesign: Everyone wants the colon for their particular syntax.
2nd law of language redesign: Larry gets the colon for whatever he wants.
Basics doesn't mean here easy but fundamental. Which mostly translates to how to format and reformat data (numbers, strings and more).
Defaults
Please note that any Perl 6 source code is treated as unicode by default. Also use strict; and use warnings; are enabled implicitly.
Statements
Unless you use blocks, a Perl program executes one statement after another in linear progression. They have to be separated by a semicolon (;), except before and after a closing curly brace, where it is optional.
Spaces and Indentation
Perl doesn't care about indentation. And spaces are still in many places without meaning. However these have become fewer.
Comments
Single Line
Like in Perl 5 and many other languages of its league a "#" tells the compiler to ignore the rest of the line.
Multi Line
#`( )
=begin comment
=end comment
POD
Number Literals
Konverting into numerical context means still: take from left to right all digits and other characters, up to the first char that clearly don't belong to a number definition and stop there.
A single underscore is allowed only between any two digits in a literal number, like:
$people = 3_456_789; # same as 3456789
Radix Prefixes
0b binary - base 2, digits 0..1
0o ocatal - base 8, digits 0..7
0d decimal - base 10, digits 0..9
0x hexadecimal - base 16, digits 0..9,a..f (case insensitive)
General Radix Form
:10<42> # same as 0d42 or 42
Scientific Notation
$float = 60.2e23 # becomes automatically 6.02e24
$float = 6.02E-23 # capital E works too
Rational Number
To distinguish them from a division operation, you have to groupe them with braces.
(3/7)
(3/7).numerator
(3/7).denominator
(3/7).nude.perl
As always, .perl gives you an almost source like code formatting which results here in 3/7". Adding *.nude* you get "(3/7)", the nude source code. There are 2 different "value types representing both rational number. FatRat has unlimited precision and Rat has just enough to be evaled into a Real type. When you explicitly type a variable to one o them, the braces become optional.
my Rat $other_pi = 22/7;
Complex Number
-3-6.02E-23i
Version Number
Quoting
Q /.../;
Quote Words
qw/.../
<...>
Q :w /.../;
Q :words /.../;
<<>>
Q :ww /.../;
Q :quotewords /.../;
Single Quotes
''
Q :q /.../;
Q :double /.../;
Double Quotes
""
Q :q /.../;
Q :double /.../;
Q :s, :a, :h, :f, :c, :b /.../;
Heredocs
Are now normal quoted strings, only with a special delimiter.
Q :to 'EOT';
...
...
EOT
To make templates in which variables and closures are evaluated, take the normal double quote and just add the adverb for the heredoc delimiter or define with other adverbs what exactly you want to have evaluated.
pp:to 'EOT';
EOT
Paths
Code
Regex
Formating
perl
The .perl method is a built in Data::Dumper (pretty printer) which gives you structured data the way you write it in perl source code.
fmt
sprintf
pack
Formats
Overview - Chapter: 0:History, 1:Design, 2:Basics, 3:Var, 4:Op, 5:IO, 6:{}, 7:Sub, 8:OOP, 9:Rx, 10:Meta
Intro - Appendices: A:Index, B:Tables, C:Cook, D:Delta, E:Best of, F:Links
